GEORGi 


11 1 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


My        ^ 


m. 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


littp://www.arcliive.org/details/cliarlescliapintraOOwhitiala 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 


^4p^^;riV^r^a-«^ 


Charles  Chapin  Tracy 

Missionary,  Philanthropist,  Educator 
First  President  of  Anatolia  College,  Marsovan,  Turkey 

BY 
REV.  GEORGE  E.  WHITE,  D.D. 

President  of  Anatolia  College 


THE  PILGRIM  PRESS 

BOSTON  CHICAGO 


CorvRioHT  1918 
By  GEORGE  E.  WHITE 


THE    PILGRIM    PRESS 
BOSTON 


5/ 


3/zr 

CHARLES   CHAPIN  TRACY 

BIRTH    AND    HOME 

Charles  Chapin  Tracy,  the  son  of  Orramel  and 
Cynthia  Kellogg  Tracy,  was  born  at  East  Smithfield, 
Pennsylvania,  October  31st,  1838.  His  father's  family 
had  emigrated  in  1805  from  East  Haddam,  Connecti- 
cut, and  after  a  nine  days'  journey  with  ox  wagons, 
reached  a  frontier  settlement  near  Tioga  Point  at  the 
junction  of  the  Susquehanna  and  Chemung  Rivers. 
This  had  been  the  rallying  ground  of  six  Indian  nations 
for  200  years.  The  boy  Orramel  Tracy  was  then 
twelve  years  old.  Cynthia  Kellogg  had  already  arrived 
with  her  father's  family  in  1801  from  Poultney,  Ver- 
mont, where  three  pilgrim  households  had  been  organ- 
ized as  a  Congregational  Church  before  they  set  out, 
like  Abraham  or  the  Pilgrim  Fathers,  to  make  a  new 
home  in  the  solemn  and  mysterious  wilderness  in  the 
west.  East  Smithfield  was  the  name  given  the  new 
community.  Those  were  the  days  of  real  pioneering. 
Bears  lurked  among  the  trees,  panthers  tracked  lone 
travelers,  and  children's  blood  often  ran  cold  as  they 
listened  to  the  howling  of  a  wolf  pack.  Traditions  in 
the  Tracy  and  Kellogg  families  told  how  children  often 
cried  themselves  to  sleep  without  supper  if  the  father 
was  too  late  or  too  tired  to  get  the  bag  of  grist  home 
from  the  mill  on  his  shoulder  before  bedtime. 

Charles  Chapin  was  the  sixth  of  seven  children  born 
in  the  home  of  his  pioneer  parents.    The  dwelling  was 


2  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

a  cabin  of  two  rooms  and  a  loft,  built  around  a  huge 
fireplace  and  boarded  with  heavy  planks.  Outside, 
part  of  the  land  was  cleared  for  cultivation,  with  in- 
spiring upland  views  over  river,  field  and  forest  beyond. 
The  family  bread  was  made  of  rye  and  Indian  flour 
cooked  in  a  kettle  banked  in  coals  and  ashes.  The 
child  watched  his  father  swingling  and  hetcheling 
flax,  his  sisters  spinning  it,  and  his  mother  weaving  it 
on  the  hand  loom,  after  which  she  made  the  coarse 
garments  for  her  frontier  family.  Again,  the  sheep 
were  washed  and  sheared  by  the  men  folks,  and  then 
the  women  spun  and  wove  the  wool  for  winter  clothing. 
Once  a  year  the  boy  got  a  pair  of  shoes,  when  an 
itinerant  shoemaker  visited  the  home  and  wrought 
out  of  the  tanned  and  waiting  hides  a  meagre  supply 
of  foot-gear  for  the  household.  In  later  years  Dr. 
Tracy  loved  to  review  the  scenes  of  his  childhood  with 
his  children  and  grandchildren.  There  were  the  woods 
where  he  carried  his  one-pound  ax  and  chopped  beside 
the  men;  the  field  in  which  he  toiled  with  hoe  and 
scythe,  rake  and  fork;  the  mountain  brook,  where  he 
and  his  little  brother  began  fishing  at  sunrise,  and 
suddenly  found  night  had  come;  the  berry  patch,  in 
which  he  eagerly  hunted  the  first  ripe  strawberries,  and 
interpreted  the  songs  which  hilarious,  intoxicated 
bobolinks  poured  into  his  poet  ears;  the  big  stone 
fireplace,  with  its  evening  light  and  warmth  and  home 
cheer.  Beside  that  happy  hearth  the  children  gathered 
winter  evenings,  one  knitting,  another  sewing,  others 
shelling  corn  by  drawing  the  ears  across  a  shovel  held 
over  a  tub,  while  the  father  read  aloud  from  "  Pilgrim's 
Progress."     "  We  hold  our  breath  while  Grcathcart 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  3 

fights  with  Giant  Despair;  we  wander  on  the  Delecta- 
ble Mountains;  we  saunter  by  the  River  of  the  Water 
of  Life  amid  scenes  of  unearthly  beauty;  we  look 
through  the  gates  of  the  Celestial  City.  The  vision  of 
the  wonderful  dreamer  became  wrought  into  the  warp 
and  woof  of  our  lives."  Dr.  Tracy  was  a  descendant 
of  Sir  William  de  Traci,  and  traced  his  ancestors  back 
to  Alfred  the  Great,  but  he  would  hold  patents  of 
nobility  worth  while  only  as  they  harmonized  with  the 
standards  of  John  Bunyan. 

Oh!  those  halcyon  days  of  hardy,  wholesome  boy- 
hood! Chapin  was  one  of  a  group  of  brothers  and 
cousins  at  home  in  the  great  forest  with  its  brooks  and 
mill-ponds,  its  wild  life  and  wood  lore,  its  sunny  clear- 
ings and  enchanting  vistas.  Their  hearts  were  pure, 
their  bodies  sound,  and  their  lips  were  free  from  the 
taint  of  profanity. 

CONVERSION    AND    CALL 

The  Tracy  family  rode  to  church  every  Sunday  in 
the  farm  wagon,  or  sled,  three  and  one-half  miles  each 
way,  or  more  commonly  they  walked.  In  thirty-four 
years  the  father  was  never  known  to  miss  a  service 
and  he  was  upright  and  generous  in  his  dealings  through 
the  week.  Family  prayers  were  offered  twice  a  day 
in  that  humble.  God-fearing  home;  the  Bible  was  read 
through  twenty-two  times  from  Genesis  to  Revelation 
at  that  family  altar;  when  the  father  was  away  the 
mother  led.  And  such  prayers!  "How  my  mother 
prayed!  That  voice  speaks  to  me  from  the  far  past, 
as  if  from  another  world.    She  prayed  for  every  one  of 


4  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

us.  I  was  fifteen  years  old  when  she  died,  but  feel  as 
if  she  had  never  left  me  through  these  eventful  years." 
No  wonder  all  of  the  seven  children  grew  up  as  Chris- 
tians and  were  active  in  the  church.  The  poetic 
temperament  and  thirst  for  education  were  part  of 
the  heritage  transmitted  by  the  mother  to  her  youngest 
son. 

When  Chapin  was  about  sixteen  years  of  age  he 
discovered  that  God  was  his  Father,  and  the  decision 
to  live  in  the  light  of  that  discovery  was  made  in  an 
evening  walk  home  from  church.  Conversion  with  him 
meant  a  call  to  the  Christian  ministry  and  he  began 
resolutely  to  prepare  for  his  life  work.  Before  the 
Pennsylvania  Legislature  passed  laws  establishing  a 
public  school  system  for  the  state,  four  Tracy  brothers, 
living  on  neighboring  farms,  united  to  maintain  a 
family  school  for  their  children  three  months  each 
winter.  In  this  way  our  boy  had  received  a  good 
common  school  education.  When  an  Academy  was 
built  in  the  village,  he  attended  it  a  term  or  two.  He 
also  attended  a  debating  society  meeting  at  the 
Academy,  and  some  papers  which  he  contributed  to 
its  publication,  "  The  Mental  Summary,"  were  long 
preserved  as  indications  of  budding  genius  by  his 
friends.  By  fifteen  years  of  age  he  was  writing  oc- 
casional poems.  For  a  short  time  he  was  in  the  High 
School  at  Athens,  Pennsylvania,  and  for  one  term  was 
a  schoolmaster  himself.  He  became  a  champion 
speller  and  the  first  time  he  ever  met  his  future  wife 
was  at  the  Bradford  County  Teachers'  Convention, 
at  which  he  spelled  down  the  whole  company. 

But  the  classics  and  higher  mathematics  were  be- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  5 

yond  the  reach  of  these  schools  and  their  scholars. 
The  subject  of  our  sketch  had  been  named  for  the  pas- 
tor, Rev.  Charles  Chapin  Corss.  Miss  Nancy  Corss 
had  a  good  education,  and  she  helped  the  would-be 
scholar  to  get  his  start  in  Latin  and  Greek.  Beyond 
this  aid  he  studied  alone;  he  was  largely  self-taught, 
educated  on  the  farm.  The  day  he  was  twenty-one, 
the  future  college  president  wrestled  hard  with  the 
stony  soil  and  wrestled  within  himself  as  great  aims 
and  worthy  ambitions  struggled  in  his  mind.  He 
carried  a  text-book  with  him  into  the  field  and  at 
intervals  dug  into  it,  as  he  dug  into  the  soil,  resolving 
meanwhile  to  learn,  to  achieve,  and  to  serve.  Before 
Chapin  was  twenty-one  his  father  and  mother  had  both 
died,  and  the  family  began  to  scatter.  His  brother 
Alonzo  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War  and  gave  his 
life  for  his  country  at  Gettysburg.  Two  other  brothers 
were  subsequently  members  of  the  State  Legislature. 

In  early  life  Chapin  developed  a  passion  for  music 
and  was  consumed  with  the  desire  for  a  violin.  He 
had  more  genius  than  cash,  so  with  his  pocket  knife 
and  a  few  simple  tools  he  manufactured  a  violin  and 
became  quite  proficient  in  playing  on  it.  Many  years 
later  he  not  only  wrote  the  Anatolia  College  Hymn, 
which  appears  on  another  page,  but  he  strummed  on 
the  organ  the  air  that  Professor  Daghlian  wrought 
into  the  music  wedded  to  that  hymn. 

On  the  beautiful  Sabbath  day,  July  4,  1858,  when  at 
twenty  years  of  age  C.  C.  Tracy  united  with  the 
church,  as  he  walked  home  with  his  double  cousin, 
John  D.  Tracy,  he  said,  "  I  have  given  my  whole 
heart  to  Jesus." 


6  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

Dr.  Tracy  later  taught  his  grandchildren: 

That  much  of  youthful  hardship  is  in  reality  privi- 
lege; 

That  such  intimate  communion  with  wilder  nature 
as  pioneer  experience  affords  is  well  for  the  soul; 

That  hatred  of  work  can  be  replaced  with  enthusi- 
asm for  it; 

That  a  hill  farm  much  given  to  stones  and  hard- 
pan  is  an  excellent  school  of  patience; 

That  a  poor  young  man,  busy  with  strenuous  manual 
labor,  can  at  the  same  time  prepare  for  college; 

That  when  one  encounters  the  impossible,  it  is  well 
to  walk  all  around  it  expecting  to  find  a  hidden  pos- 
sibility; 

That  life  and  labor  count  for  most  where  they  are 
most  needed,  and  that  there  are  more  golden  weddings 
in  the  missionary  class  than  in  any  other  class  of  equal 
numbers. 

WILLIAMS  COLLEGE  AND  MARK  HOPKINS 

In  1862  a  young  man  with  high  ambitions  and  some 
trepidation  made  his  way  to  Williams  College  and 
applied  for  admission  to  the  Junior  class.  The 
examining  professor  asked  him  where  he  had  prepared 
for  college.  "  On  the  farm,"  was  the  answer.  The 
teacher  looked  doubtful,  but  assigned  the  applicant 
a  passage  in  Csesar  and  gave  him  half  an  hour  to 
prepare  to  translate  and  recite  on  it.  As  soon  as  the 
young  student  glanced  at  the  passage,  however,  he 
said,  "  I  am  ready  now,  sir,"  and  he  plunged  into  the 
business  of  his  examination  like  a  war  horse  charging 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  7 

in  a  fray.  Horace  followed,  then  Livy,  then  a  similar 
examination  in  Greek  authors  and  other  subjects, 
and  as  a  result  the  professor  said,  "  Tracy,  you  have 
done  well."     He  was  admitted  to  the  Junior  class. 

He  was  very  happy  in  his  college  course,  most  of  all 
in  his  relation  with  his  revered  president.  Young 
Tracy  revelled  in  the  teaching,  thinking,  preaching  of 
Dr.  Hopkins.  He  absorbed  the  philosophy  taught, 
and  described  with  s'pecial  admiration  Mark  Hopkins' 
preaching,  when  he  would  heave  up  great  boulders 
of  thought,  crack  them  open  and  construct  great 
temples  of  divine  theology  and  human  duty,  fair  and 
large  to  dwell  in.  The  president  used  to  climb  the 
belfry  stairs  to  see  the  student  and  encourage  him. 
Acquaintance  between  the  two  ripened  into  an  affec- 
tionate friendship  maintained  throughout  life.  In  later 
years  Dr.  Tracy  taught  with  eagerness  "  The  Scripture 
Idea  of  Man  "  to  his  own  pupils. 

Tracy  had  a  fair  share  of  college  honors,  and  he 
always  had  a  full  share  of  jokes  and  fun.  He  was  more 
mature  than  most  of  the  students,  and  he  was  studying 
with  a  sacred  purpose.  Leading  men  remember  still 
his  helpful  share  in  college  revival  efforts.  He  lived 
in  the  tower  and  rang  the  bell  to  earn  money  to  pay 
on  college  bills.  Though  never  bookish,  he  was 
ranked  by  his  classmates  as  one  of  the  six  brainiest 
men  among  the  forty-five,  and  he  graduated  in  1864 
as  class  poet  and  with  Phi  Beta  Kappa  rank,  which 
were  no  light  honors  for  a  student  who  prepared  for 
college  on  the  farm  and  entered  the  Junior  class  direct. 
The  subject  of  his  poem  was  "  Joy."  In  1884  he  was 
again    class    poet    at    the    twentieth    anniversary    of 


8  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

graduation,  "  And  Now  I  Sing  of  Toil."  Williams 
College  conferred  upon  its  alumnus  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  in  course,  in  1867;  and  the  honorary- 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1894. 

UNION  SEMINARY.     LIFE  WORK 

Young  Tracy  went  direct  from  Williams  College  to 
Union  Seminary  in  1864,  and  here  the  country  youth 
came  into  touch  with  the  life  of  the  great  metropolis. 
A  student  with  acquisitive  and  unsated  mind,  he  came 
under  the  formative  influence  of  such  mighty  teachers 
as  Drs.  Roswell  D.  Hitchcock,  Henry  B.  Smith,  and 
the  irenic  and  pellucid  William  G.  T.  Shedd.  Some 
of  the  choicest  memories  of  those  years  were  associated 
with  private  studies  in  the  Pauline  Epistles  and  prayer 
together  by  a  group  of  chums  in  their  own  rooms  for 
the  purpose  of  deepening  their  own  spiritual  life. 
Andrus  of  Mardin,  a  classmate  in  college  and  seminary 
and  a  life-long  friend,  was  one  of  that  student  group. 
Young  Tracy  supported  himself  in  part  by  private 
tutoring.  One  summer  vacation  spent  in  Minnesota 
gave  him  a  taste  of  home  missions,  and  one  in  Chicago 
a  taste  of  city  missions  before  he  entered  the  wider 
foreign  field,  and  he  had  some  experience  in  slum  mis- 
sion work  in  the  great  metropolis. 

He  had  been  consecrated  to  the  Master  for  mission- 
ary service  by  his  saintly  mother  from  the  beginning, 
and  his  own  heart  caught  the  passion  in  boyhood  years 
when  the  schooner  "  Morning  Star  "  was  purchased 
by  the  gifts  of  the  Sunday  School  children  of  America 
for    mission  service  among  the  Micronesian  Islands. 


/W> 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  9 

Charles  Chapin  Tracy  graduated  from  Union  Seminary 
in  June,  1864,  was  ordained  by  the  Third  Presbytery 
of  New  York,  July  17th,  married  Myra  H.  Park, 
August  14th,  and  August  24th  he  and  his  bride  sailed 
for  Turkey.  They  entered  the  matchless  harbor  of 
Constantinople  in  company  with  Dr.  Edwin  Bliss, 
Dr.  Isaac  Bliss,  Dr.  J.  K.  Greene  and  their  wives,  and 
that  was  no  ordinary  company.  One  of  their  most 
intimate  future  associates,  Rev.  George  F.  Herrick, 
was  waiting  for  the  little  boat  that  brought  the  new 
recruits  from  the  steamer  to  the  shore,  and  he  inter- 
preted their  eager  greetings  as  meaning,  "  Your  new 
associates  have  come.  We  are  glad  to  be  here.  We 
have  come  to  stay."  They  were  welcomed  to  the 
home  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Schauffler,  and  always  regarded 
them  as  their  missionary  parents. 

In  offering  his  service  to  the  American  Board,  Mr. 
Tracy  recorded  his  conviction,  "  that  all  men  are  lost 
sinners,  and  the  only  way  of  salvation  is  through  the 
vicarious  sacrifice  of  Christ,"  and  continued:  "  I 
think  I  am  a  Christian  because  I  desire  more  than 
anything  else  to  escape  from  sin  and  be  like  Christ. 
I  think  the  preacher's  great  duty  is  by  all  means  to 
bring  men  to  Christ.  I  desire  to  be  a  missionary  be- 
cause it  is  the  most  direct  work  for  the  advancement 
of  Christ's  kingdom.  As  to  suffering,  it  is  welcome  if 
Christ  comes  with  it.  I  hope  to  make  this  my  life 
work." 

MARSOVAN  AND  THE  MISSION  STATION 

Marsovan  (also  written  Merzifoun  and  Marsivan) 
is  favorably  located  on  the  border  of  a  fertile  plain, 


10     CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

probably  Strabo's  "  Plain  of  a  Thousand  Villages." 
In  the  background  the  Tavshan,  or  Rabbit  Mountains, 
tower  up  more  than  6,000  feet  above  the  sea  level,  and 
every  morning  the  sun  rises  over  one  or  other  shoulder 
of  Ak  Dagh,  our  Mont  Blanc.  The  latitude  is  about 
that  of  New  York  City,  while  the  winters  are  short  and 
not  excessively  severe.  The  elevation  of  the  plain, 
nearly  2500  feet,  tempers  the  heat  of  summer,  and  the 
sky  over  all  is  the  wonderful  Mediterranean  blue.  A 
majority  of  the  days  are  usually  cloudless.  The 
climate  is  dry  and  the  stars  shine  clear.  The  region  is 
a  winter  grain  country,  wheat  and  barley  being  the 
principal  farm  products.  Cherries,  apples,  peaches, 
plums,  pears,  apricots,  and  grapes  are  among  the  fruits 
grown  in  abundance;  potatoes,  tomatoes,  onions, 
squashes,  beets,  beans,  peas  and  other  vegetables  and 
greens  are  raised  without  difficulty;  English  walnuts, 
almonds  and  filberts  in  quantity  represent  the  nut 
crops.  It  is  about  seventy  miles  to  the  sea  and  the 
ships  at  Samsoun,  a  progressive  harbor  city  on  the 
Black  Sea. 

In  1867,  Marsovan  was  hardly  more  than  an  over- 
grown Turkish  and  Armenian  village,  with  some  15,000 
inhabitants.  'A  cat  might  sometimes  be  seen  to  jump 
across  a  street  from  one  house  roof  to  another.  The 
earliest  missionaries  had  found  only  two  houses  in 
the  place  with  glass  in  their  windows.  But  the  people 
in  general  were  of  friendly,  responsive,  progressive 
types.  The  city  had  been  frequently  visited  and 
temporarily  occupied  by  pioneer  missionaries,  when  in 
1860,  Rev.  and  Mrs.  J.  Y.  Leonard  of  Csesarea  Station 
received  permission  from  the  Western  Turkey  Mission 


CHARLES   CHAPIX   AXD   MYRA   PARK   TRACY    IN     1S67 
COXSTANTIXOPLli 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  11 

to  settle  there  permanently  without  associates.  But 
in  1862,  it  was  decided  to  locate  the  Theological 
Seminary  and  the  Girls'  Boarding  School  of  the  Mis- 
sion at  some  point  in  the  interior,  and  Marsovan  was 
selected  as  the  place.  Accordingly,  in  1863  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Dodd  were  transferred  from  Smyrna,  and  Rev. 
and  Mrs.  J.  F.  Smith  and  Miss  Eliza  Fritcher,  new 
recruits  from  America,  were  designated  to  Marsovan. 
One  day  Mr.  Leonard,  Mr.  Dodd,  and  Mr.  Smith 
mounted  their  horses  and  climbed  the  Dere  Keuy 
bridle  path  away  up  to  the  top  of  a  magnificent  spur 
of  the  Tavshan  Mountains.  The  view  from  there 
includes  the  whole  plain  and  range  after  range  of 
mountains  beyond.  A  vision  opens  before  the  eyes 
worthy  to  be  compared  with  that  of  Moses  on  Mount 
Nebo.  And  there,  under  a  pine  tree,  with  prayer  to 
God  and  definite  planning  for  their  mission  work,  these 
three  men  organized  Marsovan  Station,  and  elected 
their  chairman,  secretary,  and  treasurer.  The  spirit 
of  wisdom,  power  and  grace  was  upon  the  group  from 
the  start. 

MORNING  DAYS  IN  MARSOVAN 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy  reached  Marsovan,  October 
28th,  1867,  after  a  horseback  ride  of  three  days  up 
from  the  coast  over  the  mountains,  through  the  forests, 
and  along  the  valleys,  and  they  were  welcomed,  as 
only  missionaries  can  welcome  one  another,  by  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Leonard,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith,  and  Miss 
Fritcher.  Mr.  Dodd  had  already  fallen  a  victim  to  the 
scourge  of  cholera  in  1865,  and  his  body  lies  in  the 
serene  God's  acre  in  one  corner  of  the  mission  com- 


12  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

pound.  Miss  Anna  Felician  and  many  other  Protes- 
tant friends  shared  in  the  welcome  given  the  new 
arrivals.  "  Pampish  Anna "  was  the  only  native 
person  in  the  town  then  able  to  speak  English.  She 
had  been  a  teacher  and  a  force  in  the  Girls'  School 
from  the  day  the  institution  opened.  She  was,  and 
still  is,  easily  the  most  influential  native  woman  in 
the  city,  known  to  all  the  people,  including  the 
government  officials,  and  a  person  of  clear  sight, 
sound  judgment,  and  strong  Christian  conviction. 
The  first  task  of  the  new  missionaries  was  the 
learning  of  Armenian,  for  the  Armenians  were  the 
first  people  in  Turkey  to  respond  to  the  message 
of  representatives  from  Christian  America,  and  both 
became  thoroughly  at  home  in  using  it.  Dr.  Tracy 
once  remarked  of  the  Armenian  in  the  presence  of 
a  delighted  college  audience,  "  That's  one  of  my 
native  languages." 

The  young  couple  eagerly  took  their  share  in  the 
pioneer  work  of  a  mission  station,  making  and  receiv- 
ing calls,  preaching  or  leading  meetings,  teaching 
classes,  and  touring  among  the  new  Protestant  com- 
munities that  were  springing  up  in  the  towns  and 
villages  round  about. 

FIRST  IMPRESSIONS 

Mr.  Tracy  wrote:  "This  is  Turkey  as  it  presents 
itself  to  me:  selfishness  prevails;  truth  and  righteous- 
ness are  trampled  upon  whenever  people  dare  to  do 
it;  extortion,  inefficiency,  folly,  bribery,  oppression, 
bear  the  name  of  government.  Right,  separate  from 
self-interest,  is  an  idea  that  has  not  yet  dawned  upon 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  13 

the  Turk.  A  moral  torpor  prevails,  the  hand  of  justice 
is  palsied.  The  moral  basis  of  commerce  is  wanting. 
Every  one  is  as  dishonest  as  he  can  be  under  the 
circumstances. 

"  If  you  wish  to  know  how  we  feel,  I  will  thus  express 
it,  —  we  are  satisfied.  The  field  is  great  enough,  the 
work  extensive  enough,  the  sense  of  our  Master's 
approval  encouragement  enough.  The  plain  of  Marso- 
van  is  beautiful;  the  ring  of  mountains  around  is 
grand;  the  air  is  as  fine  and  healthful  as  New  England. 
I  thank  God  we  are  here." 

Mrs.  Tracy  adds:  "  Marsovan  looked  to  me  like  a 
dreary  place  in  which  to  spend  one's  life,  with  its 
narrow,  dirty  streets,  and  not  a  tree  or  flower  or  bit  of 
grass  to  be  seen.  But  there  was  much  to  encourage  in 
the  missionary  work.  The  Board  owned  one  building, 
the  lower  floor  of  which  was  used  as  a  chapel  on  the 
Sabbath  and  for  a  boys'  school  during  the  week  and 
the  upper  floor  as  a  missionary  residence.  There  was 
a  congregation  of  300  already  gathered  and  a  Sunday 
School  of  300,  for  all  who  went  to  the  morning  service 
went  to  the  afternoon  Sunday  School.  There  was  a 
women's  meeting  every  Friday  afternoon  attended 
by  100  women.  I  thought  it  a  wonderful  work.  Mrs. 
Leonard  took  me  to  visit  the  homes,  and  I  was  interested 
in  the  women,  and  never  homesick.  Our  first  year 
was  a  very  happy  one." 

TRAINING  MEN  TO  PREACH 

It  will  soon  be  100  years  since  the  first  American 
missionaries  reached  the  Levant.  The  outstanding 
features  of  this  century,  viewed  by  quarters,  are: 


14  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

1819-1844,  Learning  what  to  do  and  how  to  do  it. 
1844-1869,  Evangelization  and  Church   Organization. 
1869-1894,  Education,  Publication,  Medical  Work. 
1894-  Reconstruction  in   Church,  State  and  So- 

ciety. 

During  the  first  quarter  century  of  missions  in 
Turkey  not  a  church  was  organized.  The  purpose 
was  to  proclaim  the  spirit  of  the  gospel  with  the  least 
possible  attention  to  denominations.  But  the  wine 
of  new  life  could  not  be  contained  by  the  wine  skins  of 
old  form,  and  a  ferment  of  thinking,  questioning  and 
deciding  was  started  among  the  Armenians.  In  1846 
public  anathemas  were  pronounced  by  the  Patriarch 
of  the  Armenian  Church,  excommunicating  his  mem- 
bers of  Protestant  tendencies,  and  in  the  same  year 
the  first  Protestant  church  was  organized  as  a  natural 
result.  The  preaching  of  the  gospel  was  welcomed, 
revival  scenes  were  common,  evangelical  churches  were 
formed,  a  large  secession  from  the  National  Church 
took  place.  And  now  of  course  there  must  be  trained 
Protestant  ministers  to  serve  and  lead  the  churches. 

Cyrus  Hamlin,  the  pioneer  American  educator  in 
Turkey,  founded  a  seminary  in  Bebek,  a  suburb  of 
Constantinople,  in  1840.  In  time  the  institution 
bifurcated;  Dr.  Hamlin  remained  at  the  capital  and 
established  Robert  College;  theological  education 
and  the  Girls'  Boarding  School  of  the  Mission  were 
removed  to  Marsovan.  The  early  students  were  men 
of  meagre  education  but  high  purpose;  they  were 
mature  in  years  but  eager  to  learn;  with  little  culture 
in  things  of  the  world,  they  were  men  of  strong  char- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  15 

acter;  unprepared  for  metropolitan  pulpits,  they  were 
ready  to  keep  cheerfully  preaching  while  dodging  the 
missiles  thrown  through  the  windows  from  outside; 
they  were  modest  men,  but  men  of  spiritual  power. 
The  new  missionary  proved  to  be  an  inspiring  teacher, 
unique  and  unconventional  in  method,  stimulating 
and  forceful.  At  the  first  commencement  of  the 
Seminary  in  1868,  eight  men  were  graduated;  at  the 
same  time  five  girls  received  the  first  diplomas  given 
by  the  Girls'  School;  visiting  ministers  and  mission- 
aries organized  the  "  Central  Evangelical  Union  of 
Churches  ";  Mr.  Avedis  Assadourian,  a  teacher  in 
the  Seminary,  was  ordained;  and  five  students  were 
licensed  to  preach.  It  was  a  heartening  occasion. 
At  the  Jubilee  of  the  institution  in  1914  it  was  stated 
that  119  men  had  been  graduated,  and  about  180 
had  been  enrolled  as  students.  In  spite  of  absence 
for  occasional  furlough  or  other  purposes.  Dr.  Tracy 
had  personally  shared  in  teaching  practically  every 
man  for  at  least  some  part  of  his  course.  First  and 
last  he  taught  quite  a  variety  of  subjects,  as  occasion 
required,  particularly  in  Exposition  of  Scripture  and 
the  Evidences  of  Christianity.  The  "  Notes  on  He- 
brews," which  he  published,  grew  out  of  his  work  in  the 
classroom. 

CONSTANTINOPLE 

Early  years  brought  the  Tracy  home  its  full  share  of 
sickness  with  the  refining  discipline  of  suffering  and 
sorrow  as  a  result.  In  1870  Mrs.  Tracy's  health  was 
in  a  threatening  condition  and  there  was  no  doctor 
in  Marsovan.     The  family  was  therefore   transferred 


16  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

to  Constantinople.  Mr.  Tracy  himself  was  soon 
obliged  to  spend  several  months  in  Switzerland  as  a 
health  measure.  Of  the  first  three  children  born  in 
their  home  the  firstborn  died  in  Marsovan,  the  second 
in  Constantinople,  and  little  Myra  early  in  their  first 
furlough. 

In  connection  with  the  other  missionaries  at  Con- 
stantinople, Mr.  Tracy  not  only  actively  engaged  in 
preaching  and  general  work,  but  he  established  the 
"  Child's  Paper  "  In  Armenian  and  also  published  It  In 
Armeno-Turklsh  and  in  Greek.  For  three  years  the 
editor  wrote  all  the  material  that  he  contributed  with 
his  own  hand,  and  this  confirmed  him  in  a  ready  and 
accurate  use  of  the  language.  In  later  years,  when 
Armenian  authors  were  listed  and  honored,  Dr.  Tracy's 
name  came  to  be  included  by  the  Armenians  them- 
selves, a  recognition  which  few  missionaries  have  ever 
attained.  At  this  time  he  wrote  and  published  his  little 
volume  in  Armenian  entitled,  "  Letters  to  Families," 
which  had  a  wide  circulation  and  rendered  useful 
service. 

MARSOVAN  AGAIN.     FAMINE 

When  furlough  time  for  the  Smith  family  came,  the 
Tracys  were  summoned  back  to  Marsovan.  In  our 
region  the  rainfall  Is  less  than  20  inches  per  annum, 
and  the  crops  are  often  on  the  border  line  of  danger 
from  drought.  In  1873-'74  there  was  drought  in 
dead  earnest,  and  in  its  wake  stalked  grim  famine. 
Moslems  and  Christians  thronged  their  cemeteries 
and  sanctuaries  with  prayers  and  cantlllations  and 
sacrifices  to  God  and  the  saints  for  the  rain  that  did 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  17 

not  come.  Irrigation  and  the  dry  farming  principles 
that  are  to  turn  this  country  into  a  paradise  have  not 
even  yet  arrived.  The  crops  dried  up  and  the  people 
were  hungry.  The  flocks  and  herds  were  starving 
too,  as  they  depended  on  straw  for  their  winter  fodder 
through  two  months  of  snow.  People  were  dying  all 
about,  all  were  suffering,  and  hundreds  of  haggard  and 
tottering  refugees  reached  Marsovan  from  the  worse 
stricken  regions  further  east,  their  skins  blackened  with 
famine  and  their  bodies  only  half  covered  with  foul 
rags.  Children  were  seen  with  the  bones  almost 
protruding  through  their  skin.  "  Famine  bread " 
was  sometimes  made  of  barley  bran,  or  chaff 
and  meal,  or  with  grape  seeds  or  grass  among  the 
ingredients. 

Aid  was  sent  from  America  and  other  Christian 
lands,  and  Marsovan  missionaries  undertook  their  first 
work  for  relief.  The  soup  kitchens  and  bread  rations 
which  they  established  saved  many  lives.  Later  the 
people  were  helped  to  get  seed  wheat  and  animals,  and 
to  take  a  new  start  in  life.  The  Americans  suffered 
in  spirit  as  well  as  in  body  with  the  miserable  people 
about  them.  Sometimes  food  could  hardly  be  bought 
in  the  market  or  brought  even  secretly  to  the  homes. 
Famine  fever  followed  the  famine,  and  Mrs.  Tracy  and 
her  two  children  were  among  those  who  suffered  with 
it.  Mr.  Tracy  himself  broke  down  under  the  strain, 
and  the  family  was  obliged  in  broken  health  to  return 
to  America.  They  had  been  away  from  home  eight 
long  years. 


18  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

FIRST  FURLOUGH 

Many  missionaries  fail  in  health  and  some  fail  in 
heart  during  their  first  term  of  service.  For  three 
years  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy  dwelt  among  old  friends  and 
scenes  before  their  physical  condition  was  adequately 
restored.  Mr.  Tracy  worked  on  the  farm  again,  turned 
his  hand  to  painting,  and  recovered  personal  tone  by 
means  of  manual  labor.  He  and  his  wife  spoke  often 
in  the  interests  of  missions,  to  which  they  were  wholly 
committed,  and  visited  many  churches  especially  in 
New  York  state.  Added  grief  came  to  the  loving  parents 
in  the  death  of  their  Myra,  and  her  father  prepared 
and  published  "  The  Life  of  Little  Myra,"  a  child's 
story  of  missionary  life. 

SECOND  WIND 

At  forty  years  of  age  Mr.  Tracy  was  again  in  Marso- 
van  with  his  wife  and  their  two  sons,  Charles  Kellogg 
and  Henry  Chester.  Some  changes  had  taken  place. 
A  macadamized  road  had  been  built  instead  of  the  bridle 
path  up  from  the  coast,  and  even  springless  wagons 
were  an  advance  over  horse  or  mule  caravans.  The 
war  with  Russia  and  the  Congress  of  Berlin  were  just 
over,  and  there  was  a  note  of  hope  in  the  air.  Mission 
work  was  well  established  in  the  compound.  The 
church  in  the  city  had  a  large  and  growing  congrega- 
tion, and  included  in  its  membership  three  persons 
who  had  been  born  Moslem  Turks.  Important  out- 
stations  were  developing  in  cities  such  as  Samsoun  and 
Amasia,  and  in  villages  such  as  Kapou  Kaya,  which 
were   almost   as   fruitful   in   producing   ministers   and 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  19 

teachers  as  the  hill  towns  of  New  England.  The 
Station  in  1879  decided  to  scatter  forces  somewhat, 
as  an  experiment,  and  the  Tracy  family  spent  two 
winters  in  Amasia.  Though  the  children  remembered 
those  winters  as  dreary  and  lonesome,  the  parents  were 
happy  in  their  missionary  activities,  in  that  large  city 
on  the  banks  of  the  Iris  River  where  once  King  Mithri- 
dates  had  his  capital.  There  were  three  schools  for 
girls,  day  and  evening  schools  for  boys,  and  much 
encouraging  work.  And  yet  the  daily  routine  of  an 
American  family  was  obscure  and  humdrum.  The 
reward  of  public  approval  later  was  deserved  by  its 
high  cost  in  personal  self-sacrifice  at  the  earlier  date. 
As  a  permanent  policy  it  was  wiser  for  the  Americans 
to  concentrate  their  forces  at  the  center  and  tour  among 
the  out-stations  of  the  field  as  much  as  might  be  pos- 
sible. These  journeys  often  involved  much  hardship 
and  danger  from  winter  storms,  highway  robbers  and 
unsanitary  conditions.  Once  the  Black  Sea  steamer 
on  which  Mr.  Tracy  was  traveling  was  wrecked  in  a 
storm.  But  most  missionaries  love  the  work  of 
touring.  The  zest  of  exploring  the  new  country,  the 
welcome  by  friends  of  the  Protestant  communities, 
the  hospitality  shown  in  student  homes,  gospel  preach- 
ing to  congregations  awake  and  alert,  organizing 
Sunday  School  work,  distributing  Bibles  and  other 
literature,  and  conferences  with  regard  to  church  and 
community  activities  are  all  experiences  of  surpassing 
interest. 

YOKE  FELLOWS 
If  Marsovan  Station  has  possessed  any  element  of 
strength  it  is  largely  the  loyal  cooperation  of  its  mem- 


20  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

bers  with  one  another.  This  is  not  to  be  taken  for 
granted  of  every  missionary  group  so  lightly  as  out- 
siders may  suppose.  In  western  lands  if  people  differ 
they  can  separate  and  take  new  positions  or  find  new 
associates.  A  group  of  missionaries  are  thrown  back 
upon  their  own  personal  resources,  and  it  sometimes 
gets  on  one's  nerves;  however  much  they  may  disagree, 
it  is  practically  impossible  to  separate.  Men  and 
women  of  strong  convictions  likely  to  pull  in  different 
directions  must  acquire  and  maintain  grace  to  pull 
together,  though  the  process  may  involve  really  painful 
experiences.  A  wise  native  gentleman  in  Marsovan 
once  remarked,  "  We  never  hear  of  any  troubles  among 
our  missionaries.  If  you  have  difficulties  you  settle 
them  among  yourselves,  and  I  think  that  is  the  right 
way." 

On  the  other  hand,  it  would  be  harder  to  find  closer 
friendship  than  in  a  mission  station.  The  Master 
said,  "  Go  ye  into  all  the  world  and  preach  the  gospel." 
Men  and  women  who  honestly  and  conscientiously 
devote  their  lives  in  obedience  to  this  command  are 
drawn  into  very  deep  and  sacred  relations  as  they  pray 
and  work,  suffer  and  rejoice  together  year  after  year. 
They  meet  experiences  of  sickness,  death  and  danger 
together;  together  they  enter  into  the  joy  and  the  re- 
sult of  work  well  done.  In  one  instance  some  personal 
difficulty  arose  between  Mr.  Tracy  and  a  fellow  mis- 
sionary. It  was  settled  late  one  evening  when  the 
two  men,  together  and  on  their  knees  in  prayer,  with 
arms  over  each  other's  shoulders,  got  rid  of  the  difficulty. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  21 

PLANTING  A  COLLEGE 

The  standard  of  instruction  in  the  Seminary,  as  in 
the  Girls'  School,  was  raised  more  than  once  to  meet 
the  advancing  requirements  of  the  churches  and  the 
students,  and  the  institution  reached  a  flourishing 
condition.  Young  men  who  were  not  committed  to  the 
ministry  also  began  to  be  candidates  for  an  education, 
and  in  1883  Seminary  instruction  was  readjusted  with 
a  theological  course  of  three  years  following  a  high 
school  course.  The  latter  was  open  to  students  with- 
out regard  to  the  ministry  as  a  profession.  The 
Armenians  called  imperatively  for  a  college  and  offered 
to  share  in  supporting  it.  The  Evangelical  Churches 
needed  it  to  sustain  their  leadership  in  the  field.  The 
whole  country  required  that  type  of  service  which  has 
been  rendered  by  the  colleges  of  America,  many  of  them 
doing  some  of  their  best  work  under  pioneer  conditions. 
A  college  was  the  logic  of  the  situation.  It  was  in- 
evitable in  the  trend  of  events,  and  the  "  High  School 
in  a  Cellar,"  with  Mr.  Tracy  as  its  principal,  graduated 
its  first  and  only  class  in  1886  and  was  merged  into 
Anatolia  College. 

The  American  Board,  in  accordance  with  its  general 
policy,  had  put  down  a  group  of  men,  four  in  number, 
in  Marsovan,  and  what  was  done  there  depended  upon 
whether  they  did  it  or  not.  Rev.  J.  F.  Smith  was  a 
sound  and  conservative  financier;  Dr.  Edward  Riggs, 
a  broad  and  thorough  scholar;  Dr.  G.  F.  Herrick,  a 
strong  and  devoted  administrator;  and  Dr.  C.  C. 
Tracy  was  the  President  of  the  institution  from  the 
start.    Of  the  Armenians  cooperating,  Professor  Gara- 


22  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

bed  Thoumayan  and  Dr.  Melcon  Altounian  were  among 
the  leaders,  and  they,  together  with  Hagop  Effendi 
Bedrosian,  Dr.  Jeremiah  Altounian  and  Barsam  Agha 
Manissadjian,  were  members  of  the  first  Board  of 
Managers. 

The  name  "  Anatolia  "  is  of  Greek  origin  and  means 
"  The  Land  of  the  Rising  Sun."  It  is  applied  to  the 
Asiatic  wing  of  the  Turkish  Empire  for  one  whose 
standpoint  is  Constantinople.  It  is  virtually  the 
local  name  for  Asia  Minor.  The  young  institution 
was  not  encumbered  with  assets,  but  it  had  a  wide  field 
and  a  worthy  label;  it  was  authorized  to  use  the  narrow 
grounds  and  the  small  building  of  the  Seminary  in 
common  with  the  latter  institution;  it  had  the  en- 
dorsement of  the  Evangelical  Union  of  Churches  and 
the  Western  Turkey  Mission.  Above  all,  it  had  the 
backing  of  the  American  Board  in  Boston,  whose 
Prudential  Committee  were  the  Trustees  of  the  in- 
stitution, and  it  was  to  receive  for  the  time  being  a 
grant  in  aid  of  31,200  a  year  from  the  American  Board. 
Anatolia  College  had  also  the  men  with  potential 
ability  to  make  the  institution  what  it  ought  to  be- 
come. The  seal  appropriately  represents  the  sun 
rising  over  one  or  other  shoulder  of  a  mountain,  just 
as  is  seen  from  the  front  door  of  the  college,  and  rising 
on  a  cloudy  morning.  The  motto  is  "  Morning 
Cometh,"  and  the  colors,  adopted  later,  are  blue  and 
gold,  the  blue  of  the  Anatolia  sky,  and  the  gold  of  the 
Anatolia  dawn. 

The  course  of  study  covered  four  collegiate  and  two 
preparatory  years.  It  was  the  aim  to  give  an  adequate 
working  knowledge  of  the  English  language,  together 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  23 

with  Turkish,  the  language  of  the  country,  French, 
the  international  language  of  the  Levant,  and  the 
student's  vernacular,  whether  Armenian  or  Greek; 
also  at  least  an  elementary  education  in  the  Sciences, 
Mathematics,  History,  Philosophy,  Economics  and 
Scripture.  The  diploma  has  been  usually  recognized 
by  American  universities  and  professional  schools  and 
justified  by  those  students  who  have  come  to  this 
country  for  more  advanced  education. 

COLLEGE  PRESIDENT 

Only  those  who  have  had  some  actual  share  in  such 
work  can  adequately  realize  the  labor,  the  strain,  the 
agony  involved,  as  well  as  the  joy  of  entering  into  the 
reward  in  founding  and  building  up  a  pioneer  college. 
Once,  in  a  whimsical  mood,  the  President  drew  his 
"  Coat  of  Arms  "  in  a  friend's  autograph  album,  in- 
cluding on  the  traditional  shield,  pick,  trowel,  awl, 
ax,  gun,  plane,  pen,  telescope,  book,  bell,  diploma, 
white-wash  brush,  shears,  tailor's  goose,  medicine 
bottle,  plow  and  flail,  all  of  which  he  said  he  had  been 
called  upon  to  use. 

First  in  administration  was  the  winning  of  a  faculty. 
The  College  organization  was  unusual.  The  American 
missionaries,  to  a  considerable  extent,  shared  in  teach- 
ing and  in  administration,  but  a  majority  of  the  staff 
of  instruction  were  natives  of  Turkey.  Promising 
young  graduates  were  employed  as  teachers,  and  then 
encouraged,  and  assisted  with  loans  of  money  if  neces- 
sary, to  take  advanced  courses  in  Europe  or  America 
to  prepare  for  permanent  service.  In  this  way  such 
men   as   Professor  Manissadjian,   Professor   Sivaslian, 


24     CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

Professor  Theocharides,  Professor  Hagopian,  Professor 
Xenides,  Professor  Daghlian,  and  others,  as  the  years 
went  by,  became  masters  in  their  respective  depart- 
ments of  instruction,  leaders  of  their  people  outside, 
authors  of  books  and  many  articles  in  print,  lecturers 
and  preachers  of  renown,  and  useful,  public-spirited 
citizens.  The  winning  disposition  of  the  President 
succeeded  in  gathering  around  him  in  the  College 
Faculty,  men  of  several  different  nationalities  who 
cooperated  in  loyalty  with  one  another,  partly,  at 
least,  in  response  to  his  personality,  which  seemed  to 
stimulate  and  bring  out  the  best  in  every  man. 

Most  of  the  students  at  first  were  Armenians,  with 
the  few  Greeks  later  increasing  to  the  first  place  in 
numbers.  For  the  most  part  they  came  from  humble 
homes  which  represented  little  of  culture,  travel, 
property  or  knowledge  of  the  world.  They  came  long 
journeys  in  springless  wagons,  on  horseback,  by  mule 
train  or  donkey  caravan,  from  a  life  so  simple  that 
sometimes  there  was  not  a  calendar  within  reach  by 
which  the  opening  day  of  the  College  could  be  calcu- 
lated. Many  young  men  with  a  thirst  for  knowledge, 
honorable  ambition,  and  a  willingness  to  work  hard 
in  order  to  win,  were  so  poorly  clad  as  hardly  to  be 
warm  in  winter  and  so  poorly  shod  that  they  could  say 
one  to  another,  "  Our  teachers  know  the  inside  of  the 
library  or  the  laboratory  better  than  we  do,  but  we 
know  the  location  of  every  thistle  on  the  campus 
better  than  they  do."  Discipline  was  strict  and 
students  were  often  dropped  from  attendance.  Mem- 
bership in  the  student  body  was  kept  at  a  premium. 
The  College  table  was  as  plain  as  it  could  be  made  con- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  25 

sistently  with  providing  sufficient  wholesome  and 
nourishing  food,  and  the  price  for  ten  months'  board 
was  fixed  at  326.40.  When  the  student  numbers  were 
swarming  they  lodged  willingly  in  attic  rooms  or  sheds, 
forgetting  to  complain  of  material  discomforts,  if  but 
their  outreach  for  knowledge,  civilization,  and  a  man's 
chance  in  life  might  be  satisfied.  The  enthusiasm  of 
the  President  pervaded  the  student  body  and  fixed 
attention  on  things  worth  while. 

OVERCOMING  PREJUDICES 

Looking  backward  from  this  distance,  it  is  not  easy 
to  realize  how  many  prejudices  had  to  be  overcome 
by  the  "  Hat  wearers "  in  those  early  days.  The 
College  was  not  national  but  international  in  character 
from  the  start,  and  the  races  of  Turkey  did  not  find 
it  wholly  easy  to  cooperate  with  one  another.  Not 
to  dwell  now  upon  Moslem  sentiment,  Eastern  Chris- 
tians were  to  some  extent  jealous  for  their  own  churches 
and  fearful  of  Protestant  influence.  One  of  the  most 
trying  experiences  in  the  early  history  of  the  institution 
took  place  when  there  was  a  serious  College  rebellion 
in  defiance  of  the  rules  regarding  religious  observances. 
Nearly  twenty  students  were  dropped  as  a  result. 
The  College  was  to  maintain  a  position  of  loyal  evan- 
gelical Christianity,  interpreted  in  a  sympathetic  and 
catholic  spirit.  Doodoo,  the  faithful  family  servant 
and  friend,  was  talking  one  day  with  a  student  of 
Gregorian  Church  connection,  who  said,  "  I  have  been 
watching  these  Protestants  since  I  came  here.  They 
are  not  as  bad  as  I  thought  they  were.  There's  Mr. 
Tracy,  he's  not  a  bad  man." 


26  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

"  Not  a  bad  man,"  echoed  the  servant.  "  You  may 
well  say  so.  He's  such  a  man  that  I  have  lived  seven- 
teen years  in  his  family  and  he  has  never  hurt  my  feel- 
ings once.  He  is  such  a  man  that  when  I  am  clearing 
the  table  and  find  water  left  in  his  glass  I  take  a  sip 
with  a  prayer  that  I  may  imbibe  some  of  his  spirit." 

One  day,  in  Amasia,  Mrs.  Tracy  had  given  a  prepara- 
tion of  iron  to  a  neighbor's  child.  A  woman  standing 
by  said,  "  Give  me  some;  I  have  no  appetite."  She 
took  a  little,  but  instantly  ran  away  in  distress  exclaim- 
ing, "  What  have  I  done.''  I  have  taken  Protestant 
medicine.     It  will  make  a  Protestant  of  me." 

"  BELIEVE  THAT  YE  HAVE  THEM  " 

A  visitor  once  expressed  amusement  at  the  Marsovan 
way  of  getting  buildings.  "  First  you  build  a  woodshed, 
then  you  enlarge  it,  next  you  put  on  a  second  story, 
you  add  an  ell,  then  you  repair  the  whole  and  behold, 
you  have  a  useful  school  building."  This  method  was 
Mr.  Tracy's  way  of  meeting  two  difficulties  at  once, 
the  financial  and  the  political.  He  could  not  often  com- 
mand generous  sums  of  money,  and  he  could  not  wait 
to  complete  large  amounts  before  using  what  was  in 
hand.  But  building  permits  were  not  always  to  be 
secured.  Even  when  local  officials  and  leading  citi- 
zens were  quite  friendly,  government  officers  were 
often  required  to  refer  such  applications  made  by 
foreigners  in  the  provinces  to  Constantinople,  and 
there  the  petition  was  likely  to  be  lost  "  under  the 
cushion."  The  city  governor  would  sometimes  say, 
"  I  really  cannot  authorize  a  new  structure.  For  that 
you  must  take  your  application  to  the  capital,  but  I 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  27 

can  allow  you  a  permit  for  repairs  and  I  will  construe 
it  rather  liberally.  If  that  is  sufficient,  you  may 
proceed."  In  this  way  "  the  old  College  building  " 
developed,  growing  out  of  what  was  first  put  up  for 
theological  instruction  alone,  and  a  happy  throng  of 
students  and  a  good  and  growing  educational  work 
were  housed  there  for  years.  Later,  the  Hospital  began 
its  career  in  a  rebuilt  shed,  used  for  drying  lumber,  and 
actually  did  its  work  there  for  fifteen  years.  The 
situation  required  fertility  of  resource  to  turn  the  edge 
of  difficulties  and  to  keep  moving  forward.  There  was 
no  one  to  teach  physics,  so  the  President  did  it  himself 
for  several  years.  He  and  the  students  had  a  real 
good  time  together  studying  text-books  and  con- 
structing and  using  spluttering  apparatus.  Every 
step  in  advance  was  hailed  as  an  achievement:  a  plot 
of  land  added  to  the  College  holdings,  the  east  dormi- 
tory, the  fountain  in  front  of  the  building,  the  pretty 
garden,  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Wingate,  the  first  in  a  line  of 
splendid  American  tutors. 

GROWING  PAINS 

How  many  persons  unite  in  the  task  of  building  a 
typical  American  College!  Anatolia  has  enjoyed  the 
confidence,  sympathy,  and  personal  support  of  a  wide 
and  loyal  body  of  friends,  some  of  whom  may  read 
these  lines.  In  addition  to  those  whose  names  appear 
in  these  pages,  many  individuals  have  made  their 
contributions,  some  of  them  repeatedly,  also  churches, 
Sunday  Schools,  missionary  societies,  clubs  and  other 
organizations.  In  this  way  ground  has  been  purchased 
from  time  to  time,  the  plant  has  been  enlarged,  equip- 


28  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

ment  has  been  added,  the  industrial  department  has 
been  built  up,  the  salaries  of  teachers  have  been  met, 
and  aid  has  been  given  promising  students  who  other- 
wise could  not  continue  in  the  institution. 

Mr.  Smith,  as  a  wise  financier,  kept  the  young 
College  from  falling  under  the  incubus  of  a  debt.  Rev. 
Edward  Riggs  was  in  America  when  the  institution 
began  its  career  and  secured  the  beginning  of  an  en- 
dowment for  the  Greek  professorship  in  the  name  of  his 
father.  Dr.  Elias  Riggs,  the  famous  missionary  scholar. 
Dr.  Herrick  raised  310,000  for  the  "  English  Chair  "  in 
Great  Britain  in  1889  and  laid  the  foundation  for  secur- 
ing much  subsequent  assistance  from  that  country. 
He  also  was  instrumental  in  raising  seven  endowed 
scholarships  and  ten  annual  in  the  United  States,  and 
began  raising  an  endowment  for  the  Richards  Chair 
of  the  Presidency.  A  bequest  of  Rev.  and  Mrs.  J.  Y. 
Leonard,  the  first  permanent  missionaries  in  Marsovan, 
deserves  to  be  mentioned  here.  More  and  more  as  the 
years  went  by.  Dr.  Tracy  was  the  indefatigable  leader 
in  securing  the  friends  and  the  funds  with  which  the 
work  was  carried  on  and  enlarged  step  by  step.  When 
the  Girls'  School  moved  to  its  present  quarters,  Mrs. 
Edward  Riggs  undertook  the  organization,  in  the  vacant 
building  of  the  "  Home  "  for  younger  College  boys, 
which  grew  into  such  an  important  feature  of  the 
institution.  Subsequently,  Mrs.  Smith  was  its  effi- 
cient head  and  with  her  was  associated  Mr.  Dana  K. 
Getchell,  who,  by  disposition,  training  and  sympathy, 
is  a  schoolmaster,  and  is  the  superintendent  of  the 
newly  built  Kennedy  Home. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  29 

SECOND  FURLOUGH,  1890-93 

The  present  writer  and  his  wife  joined  Marsovan 
Station  November  IS,  1890,  and  our  acquaintance 
with  Dr.  Tracy  began  miles  before  we  reached  the 
city.  Our  Greatheart  eagerly  came  far  out  on  the 
road  to  meet  his  new  associates,  and  we  were  united  in 
personal  affection  and  in  official  college  relation  from 
that  time  to  the  day  of  his  death.  Just  a  week  later 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy,  with  their  children,  Charles, 
Chester,  Annie  and  Mary,  left  for  America  on  furlough. 
Another  son,  William  Arthur,  born  May  8,  1883,  had 
died  August  27,  1884.  Four,  therefore,  of  the  eight 
dear  children  born  in  the  home  had  already  gone  from 
the  life  of  this  world.  Mr.  Tracy  resigned  the  headship 
of  the  College  and  Dr.  George  F.  Herrick  succeeded 
him  as  the  second  able  President  of  Anatolia.  The 
Tracy  family  spent  the  winter  in  Switzerland  to  re- 
cuperate after  twelve  consecutive  and  strenuous  years 
on  the  field,  and  their  furlough  in  America  was  pro- 
longed for  the  purpose  of  seeking  sustaining  friends 
for  the  aspiring  young  college.  Mr.  Tracy  made  many 
addresses,  wrote  many  letters,  formed  many  plans, 
interviewed  many  people.  One  day  in  Chicago  he  and 
good  old  Dr.  Fisk  of  the  Seminary  kneeled  in  prayer 
together,  then  went  by  appointment  and  called  on 
the  famous  patron  of  colleges,  the  eccentric  Dr.  D. 
K.  Pearsons.  That  interview  laid  the  foundation 
for  an  abiding  respect  between  two  capable  men. 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Pearsons  gave  repeatedly  to  Anatolia 
College,  their  gifts  aggregating  over  370,000,  and 
Anatolia  is  understood  to  be  the  only  institution  out- 


30  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

side  of  America  ever  directly  helped  by  the  famous 
philanthropist. 

Many  different  donors,  however,  contributed  with 
intelligent  sympathy  and  a  degree  of  personal  interest 
that  was  all  very  gratifying.  In  1893  Dr.  Tracy  pub- 
lished his  "  Talks  on  the  Veranda,"  a  book  of  mission- 
ary conversations  the  composition  of  which  the  author 
described  as  his  knitting  work  during  the  evenings  of 
the  preceding  winter.  In  the  summer,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Tracy  again  set  their  faces  toward  the  Orient  with 
their  daughters,  Annie  and  Mary.  Charles  and  Chester 
remained  at  Oberlin  for  their  education. 

FROM  STRENGTH  TO  STRENGTH 

The  College  grew  rapidly,  sometimes  it  seemed 
almost  too  rapidly  for  the  most  substantial  results. 
It  met  a  growing  need  and  it  contributed  to  create  the 
need  it  met.  People  were  waking  out  of  the  genera- 
tions of  Oriental  lethargy.  Tuition  charges  were  ad- 
vanced from  time  to  time,  but  always  with  the  aim  of 
keeping  College  fees  within  reach  of  people  of  the  middle 
class.  A  third  and  then  a  fourth  year  was  added  to  the 
preparatory  course.  During  the  life  of  the  College 
the  schools  in  its  field  have  doubtless  doubled  in  number 
and  doubled  again  in  effectiveness.  The  American 
institution  has  been  a  helpful  model  to  many;  has 
furnished  superintendents  and  teachers  to  many  more; 
while  it  has  been  an  unwelcome  rival  to  some,  thorning 
them  on  to  improved  methods  In  order  to  retain  their 
young  people.  Missionaries  in  Caesarea,  Sivas,  Trebi- 
zond,  Constantinople  and  other  places  helpfully  co- 
operated.    They    directed    numbers    of    their    young 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  31 

people  to  Anatolia  and  sought  young  men  from  the 
College  for  employment  in  various  positions. 

Anatolia  College  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of 
the  State  of  Massachusetts  March  14,  1894,  with  the 
Prudential  Committee  of  the  American  Board  as  its 
Trustees.  This  retained  the  advantage  of  close  affilia- 
tion with  the  Board,  but  it  placed  upon  the  College 
treasury  the  limitations  of  independence,  and  it  was 
largely  incumbent  upon  the  President  to  insure  that 
funds  should  be  provided  as  fast  as  they  were  expended. 
Expanding  aspirations  and  achievements  brought 
perennial  questions  regarding  grounds,  grading,  water 
rights,  tree  planting,  industrial  development,  and  the 
material  equipment  generally,  in  addition  to  the  de- 
mands for  steadily  advancing  scholarship,  which  in 
turn  required  a  steadily  strengthening  staff  of  instruc- 
tors. When  a  guard  of  Turkish  soldiers  was  quartered 
on  the  premises  and  two  of  their  number  for  some  reason 
died,  the  Colonel  made  an  inspection  and  complained 
that  the  quarters  provided  for  their  lodging  by  the 
College  were  inadequate.  "  All  right,"  said  the  Pres- 
dent,  "  I'll  build  something  better,"  and  he  immediately 
set  about  the  construction  of  a  building  four  times  as 
large  as  was  needed  by  the  squad  of  soldiers.  After 
a  time  they  were  withdrawn  from  the  premises,  but 
an  additional  dormitory  remained.  There  was  a  great 
occasion  on  Friday,  April  14,  1899,  when  the  Imperial 
Firman^  or  Turkish  government  charter,  was  proclaimed 
and  presented.  The  civil,  military  and  religious  au- 
thorities of  the  city  were  present  at  a  very  impressive 
function  with  the  governor  at  their  head.  The  colonel 
brought  his  troops  with  bugles  and  drums.     As  the 


32  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

representative  officials  of  the  Sublime  Porte  and  of  the 
College  stood  on  the  east  balcony,  the  imperial  docu- 
ment with  the  signature  of  the  Sultan  was  read  by  a 
scribe  and  formally  presented  by  the  governor  to 
President  Tracy.  A  characteristic  address  in  reply 
on  behalf  of  the  College  was  made  by  Professor  Hago- 
pian,  followed  by  an  uplifting  Turkish  prayer,  such  as 
only  Dr.  Riggs  could  offer. 

THE  COLLEGE  AIM 

Anatolia  College  was  founded  to  help  establish  the 
kingdom  of  God  among  men.  The  spiritual  aim  there- 
fore was  always  clear,  and  the  spirit  was  evangelical 
but  not  denominational.  Dr.  Tracy  once  stated  the 
College  aim  as  follows: 

"  We  hold  that  while  man  is  a  spirit,  with  a  mission 
here  and  a  destiny  hereafter,  to  fulfill  that  mission, 
to  realize  that  high  destiny,  he  must  be  at  his  best  and 
do  his  best;  hence:  — 

"  First.  He  must  be  broadened,  as  far  as  possible, 
by  liberal  education. 

"  Second.  If  godliness  is  all-important,  manliness 
is  important;  hence  the  great  tenacity  with  which  this 
institution  holds  to  the  self-help  idea. 

"  Third.  The  idea  of  lifting  the  whole  -people  to  a 
higher  moral  and  intellectual  level  is  constantly  kept 
in  view.  The  College  does  not  exist  to  secure  place 
and  privilege  to  its  graduates,  but  to  bring  forth  among 
the  people  and  for  the  people  those  true  and  self-denying 
leaders  for  which  the  need  is  so  great.  The  College 
holds  that  if  it  can  train  men  according  to  such  ideas, 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  33 

it  will  do  the  best  service;   that  if  it  can  produce  such 
men,  it  will  produce  great  men." 

SELF-HELP 

The  President,  who  prepared  for  college  on  the  farm 
and  made  his  own  way  while  a  student,  wanted  to  put 
a  man's  chance  in  life  before  young  men  of  honest  hearts 
but  limited  means.  He  did  not  want  to  make  things 
easy.  He  ever  stressed  the  principle  of  self-help, 
and  welcomed  students  who  were  compelled  largely  to 
work  their  own  way.     As  he  put  the  case: 

"  The  objects  of  this  department  are  principally: 
\.  To  enable  young  men  to  obtain  liberal  education 
through  their  own  industry. 

2.  To  develop  manly  self-reliance,  avoiding  the  dan- 
ger arising  from  too  much  direct  aid. 

3.  To  inculcate,  in  this  land,  the  idea  of  the  dignity 
of  labor,  illustrating  it  by  the  example  of  the  leading 
youth. 

4.  To  make  young  men  more  practical,  capable, 
inventive,  facile  in  the  use  of  tools,  to  secure  thee, 
against  helplessness  in  every-day  life  and  bookishness 
as  students. 

5.  To  secure  the  tone  that  accompanies  abundant 
physical  exercise. 

6.  To  cultivate  in  the  students  and  the  community 
a  taste  for  advanced  civilization,  which  is  certainly 
helped  on  by  the  general  introduction  of  such  furniture 
as  is  manufactured. 

7.  To  recover,  by  sales,  as  much  as  possible  of  ex- 
pense in  aid  of  students." 


34  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

MASSACRE,  PLUNDER,  RELIEF 

At  the  Congress  of  Berlin  in  1878  the  European 
Powers  pledged  themselves  to  supervise  the  introduc- 
tion of  reforms  in  the  Armenian  provinces  of  the  Turk- 
ish Empire.  It  was  a  dangerous  promise.  It  roused 
baseless  hopes  in  Armenian  bosoms;  it  inflamed  the 
animosity  of  the  Turks  against  the  race  within  their 
borders  in  whose  behalf  outsiders  presumed  to  interfere; 
and  the  European  Powers  did  not  keep  their  word. 
A  revolutionary  propaganda  spread  among  the  Ar- 
menians, nursed  on  the  model  of  Russian  nihilism. 
American  missionaries  opposed  the  movement  through- 
out as  irreligious,  impractical  and  dangerous.  But  it 
is  easy  to  realize  that  the  American  position  was 
difficult.  Loyalty  to  the  existing  government  was 
obligatory  for  those  who  were,  in  a  sense,  guests  in  the 
country,  even  though  they  were  apparently  opposing 
the  cause  of  freedom  and  reform.  College  students 
cannot  remain  impervious  to  such  conditions  about 
them.  Marsovan  became  so  much  of  a  revolutionary 
storm  center  that  it  is  singled  out  for  special  notice 
by  Sir  Charles  Wilson  writing  on  "  Armenia  "  in  the 
Encyclopedia  Britannica.  Sir  Charles  had  been  the 
guest  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy,  as  Lord  Kitchener  also 
had  been  entertained  by  the  missionary  circle  at 
Marsovan.  *'  The  emissaries  organized  attacks  on 
individuals,  wrote  threatening  letters  and  at  last 
posted  revolutionary  placards,  5th  of  January,  1893, 
at  Yozghat  and  on  the  walls  of  the  American  College 
at  Marsovan."  In  the  last  case  the  object  was,  "  to 
compromise   the   missionaries   and    in    this    they    sue- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  35 

ceeded.  The  Americans  were  accused  of  issuing 
placards;  two  Armenian  Professors  were  imprisoned, 
and  the  Girls'  School  was  burned  down."  A  condition 
of  great  unrest  continued.  England,  France  and  Russia 
kept  up  their  pressure  on  the  angered  Turks  to  amelio- 
rate the  condition  of  the  Armenians;  the  Armenians 
in  their  turn  were  restive;  in  the  course  of  a  few  months 
seventeen  men  were  assassinated  within  a  radius  of 
thirty  miles  from  Marsovan.  American  missionaries 
were  repeatedly  threatened.  There  was  some  fighting 
in  the  city,  and  the  condition  bordered  on  insurrection 
and  civil  war. 

Finally,  in  October,  1895,  an  electric  thrill  ran  through 
the  country  as  word  was  passed  about  that  the  Sublime 
Porte  had  accepted  the  reform  scheme  pressed  by  Great 
Britain,  France  and  Russia, —  and  in  a  month  came  the 
massacre.  In  Marsovan  the  storm  broke  on  Friday, 
November  15th,  at  the  hour  of  the  noon  call  to  Moslem 
prayer.  For  four  hours  the  city  was  turned  over  to 
the  Turkish  mob  for  the  massacre  of  Armenians,  and 
the  looting  of  their  property.  About  125  men  were 
killed,  and  most  of  the  Armenian  shops  were  picked  as 
clean  as  a  bone.  The  first  rush  of  the  mob  was  for  the 
American  premises.  But  we  were  mercifully  spared 
such  invasion.  Crowds  of  frightened  refugees  flocked 
into  our  houses,  and  some  bullets  struck  the  Girls' 
School.  About  four  o'clock  the  government,  which 
as  it  were  had  been  hibernating,  resumed  activity, 
and  the  governor  visited  our  compound  with  a  guard 
of  some  forty  swarthy  soldiers  which  he  left  to  protect 
us,  though  many  were  more  afraid  of  the  guard  than 
of  the  mob.     It  was  a  black  winter  that  followed  that 


36     CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

black  Friday.  The  Armenians  were  broken  in  spirit, 
humiliated,  impoverished  and  bereaved.  In  February, 
Miss  King  contracted  smallpox  and  her  life  work 
came  to  an  early  end.  In  March,  Mr.  Smith,  frail  by 
nature  and  worn  by  the  suffering  about,  succumbed  to 
influenza.  The  city  was  in  such  a  ferment  that  day 
pupils  had  to  be  dismissed,  and  the  campus  was  almost 
as  if  in  a  state  of  siege.  A  wail  of  agony  went  up  from 
the  whole  Armenian  people  across  whose  ancestral 
habitations  the  wave  of  massacre,  plunder  and  un- 
bridled passion  had  rolled,  leaving  some  70,000  dead, 
and  a  whole  nation  crying  for  bread  without  a  rag  to 
bind  up  their  wounds  or  a  handkerchief  to  dry  their 
tears.  Philanthropic  friends  in  England  and  America 
heard  the  cry,  gave  generously  for  relief,  and  mission- 
aries were  enabled  to  take  measures  to  distribute  flour, 
clothing  and  small  sums  of  money  to  the  suffering 
thousands  in  their  respective  fields.  One  of  the  most 
rewarding  efforts  for  relief  in  Marsovan  was  a  weaving 
industry  in  which  150,000  yards  of  cotton  cloth  were 
manufactured,  together  with  quantities  of  Turkish 
toweling,  which  were  sold  on  the  common  market  and 
the  money  recovered  every  time  it  was  turned  over. 
After  a  time  the  needs  of  the  great  number  of  orphans 
particularly  came  home  to  the  hearts  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Tracy,  and  they  led  in  establishing  an  orphanage  for 
boys  and  an  orphanage  for  girls  in  our  premises,  where 
200  or  more  children  were  rescued,  fed,  clothed,  housed 
and  taught  both  books  and  trades.  As  this  work 
developed,  Miss  Mary  Page  Wright  took  efficient 
charge  for  three  years,  and  then  as  the  Armenian 
people  gradually   recuperated,   orphanage    work    was 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  37 

merged    into    that    of    the    College    and    the     Girls' 
School. 

ARMENIAN   RECUPERATION  AND 
TURKISH   REFORM 

The  loss  of  life  is  always  hard,  but  within  ten  years 
from  1895  the  Armenians,  as  a  whole,  had  recovered 
more  than  they  had  lost  in  numbers,  wealth,  human 
worth,  capacity  for  progress  and  progressive  attain- 
ment. They  enjoyed  the  opportunity  of  life,  if  they 
had  not  much  of  liberty  or  happiness.  The  Marseil- 
laise could  never  be  played  or  sung  though  every  one 
knew  it,  because  it  was  a  hymn  of  freedom.  No  one 
could  travel  from  one  town  to  the  next  without  a 
special  permit,  the  issue  of  which  depended  upon  the 
humor  of  officials.  Texts  of  sermons  could  not  be 
taken  from  the  book  of  Exodus  because  that  deals 
with  deliverance  from  bondage  and  might  by  implica- 
tion be  treated  as  rebellious  by  the  officers.  All  mail 
and  telegraph  communication  was  under  a  heavy  censor- 
ship. In  1902  several  students  were  imprisoned  in 
Amasia.  The  charge  was  sedition,  sustained  only  by  the 
possession  or  use  of  a  national  or  patriotic  hymn  or  two 
which  could  be  considered  as  having  a  revolutionary 
intent.  These  young  men  were  imprisoned  over  a  year 
before  their  trial  was  completed  and  then  some  were 
cleared  while  the  others  were  adjudged  guilty  and 
sentenced  to  one  year's  imprisonment  each.  But  they 
all  had  been  imprisoned  more  than  a  year,  so  they  were 
all  released  together.  That  is,  to  be  proved  by  the 
court  to  be  an  innocent  citizen  and  to  be  found  so 
seriously  guilty  as  to  deserve  a  year's  imprisonment, 


38  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

met  the  same  reward  at  the  hands  of  the  Turkiish 
officers  under  the  old  regime. 

In  July,  1908,  the  New  Regime  was  proclaimed  with 
a  revolution  which  introduced  constitutional  and 
parliamentary  government  and  soon  removed  the 
Sultan,  Abdul  Hamid,  from  the  throne.  An  attempt 
was  made  to  adopt  offhand  the  results  of  western 
civilization.  The  question  was,  whether  there  were 
the  men  behind  the  movement  to  carry  it  to  success. 
The  motto  of  the  Party  of  Union  and  Progress  was, 
"  Liberty,  Equality,  Justice  and  Fraternity."  For  the 
time  being,  race  animosities  seemed  to  be  forgotten; 
representative  Moslems  and  Christians  really  frater- 
nized. The  Turks  attributed  a  large  share  in  the  move- 
ment for  reform  to  the  Armenians.  For  a  time  the 
atmosphere  was  like  the  calm  of  a  summer  dawn. 
When  it  was  announced  to  our  College  students  that 
the  Christians  as  well  as  the  Turkish  youth  of  the 
country  would  be  called  upon  for  military  service 
thereafter,  you  ought  to  have  heard  our  young  fellows 
cheer!  Soldiering  in  the  Turkish  army  was  serious 
enough  in  itself,  but  they  felt  that  it  meant  a  step 
toward  equal  rights  and  equal  manhood.  The  changes 
that  took  place  during  subsequent  years  in  race  feeling 
and  public  administration,  with  the  resulting  effects  in 
repeated  warfare  with  its  accompanying  scenes,  do  not 
call  for  rehearsal  here. 

THIRD  FURLOUGH,  1902-1905 
Dr.  Tracy  made  his   third   trip   to  America   in   his 
fourth  decade  of  missionary  and  college  work,  as  Presi- 
dent of  Anatolia  College,  and   Rev.  G.  E.  White  was 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  39 

appointed  to  act  as  President  on  the  ground  in  Marso- 
van.  Absence  was  again  prolonged  for  tiie  raising  of 
funds  under  the  direction  and  approval  of  the  Board. 
And  he  made  a  deepening  impression  among  the 
churches  in  America.  It  was  at  this  time  that  two 
special  friends  were  raised  up,  the  Misses  Mary  and 
Carrie  Wickes,  who  gave  themselves  first,  and  then 
gave  of  their  substance.  A  fine  silver  tea  set,  a  prized 
family  heirloom,  was  contributed  by  them  and  exhibited 
by  Dr.  Tracy  on  the  platform  of  the  American  Board  at 
its  annual  meeting  and  elsewhere  with  the  appeal  that 
it  be  filled  with  cash  for  the  work  in  Marsovan.  Over 
36,000  were  poured  into  and  out  of  the  teapot,  and  the 
wood-working  and  iron-working  shops  intended  to 
furnish  employment  to  students  on  the  principle  of 
self-help,  were  enlarged  and  named  the  "  Wickes 
Industrial  Self-Help." 

On  this  furlough  the  fond  parents  with  much  interest 
witnessed  the  inherited  bent  for  poetry  repeating  itself 
in  three  children:  Chester  being  class  poet  at  Oberlin 
in  1902,  Annie  at  Mt.  Holyoke  in  1903,  and  Charles  at 
Hartford  Seminary  in  1904.  The  names  of  Charles 
and  Chester  are  both  inscribed  in  the  fine  series  of 
American  tutors  who  have  done  service  on  three-year 
appointments  in  Marsovan.  Charles  made  his  literary 
ability  strongly  felt  and  bore  an  important  part  in 
developing  the  young  orchestra;  Chester,  in  addition 
to  his  classroom  work,  first  introduced  taxidermy  as  a 
feature  of  the  museum.  Annie,  beautiful  and  beloved, 
married  the  friend  of  her  childhood.  Rev.  Henry  H. 
Riggs,  and  went  from  her  college  course  in  America  to 
become  the  wife  of  the  President  of  Euphrates  College 


40  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

at  Harpout.  A  year  later,  just  after  the  parents  reached 
Turkey  again,  the  message  came  that  Annie  had  gone 
home.  She  and  her  baby  boy  were  buried  together  in 
the  Harpout  Mission  garden.  The  bereaved  father 
lived  thereafter  much  as  under  a  shadow;  the  shadow 
was  lightened  by  Christian  faith,  but  it  was  ever  in  the 
background.  Loving  friends  have  erected  in  her  name 
the  Annie  Tracy  Riggs  Memorial  Hospital  at  Harpout. 

THE  BUILDER 

When  the  Tracy  family  reached  Marsovan  the  mis- 
sion site  had  not  been  bought.  The  Station,  however, 
was  wise  in  making  choice  of  its  permanent  location. 
The  ground  is  two  feet  higher  than  any  other  in  the  city; 
it  is  just  on  the  northern  edge  of  town,  making  it  easy 
to  reach  the  city  on  the  one  side,  or  visit  the  open  plain 
or  climb  to  the  very  mountain  crests  on  the  other  side; 
and  the  prevailing  Black  Sea  breezes  pass  over  the 
campus  before  they  touch  the  city.  The  first  building 
material  was  sun-dried  mud  brick,  white  plastered  on 
the  surface,  the  adobe  of  the  Pharaohs  and  the  Hittites. 
The  next  step  was  the  use  of  kiln-burned  brick  to  fill 
interstices  between  the  timbers  of  a  wooden  frame- 
work, and  most  of  the  American  houses  and  several 
school  buildings  were  constructed  in  this  way.  In 
the  last  years,  however,  Dr.  Tracy  pushed  on  to  a  third 
type  of  building  which  was  truly  modern,  and  made  use 
of  stone,  brick,  cement,  lime,  and  iron  girders.  The 
three  types  of  building  represent  three  millenniums  of 
human  progress.  North  College,  Alumni  Hall,  the 
Hospital,  and  later  Kennedy  Home  and   the  Superin- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  41 

tendent's  house,  were  built  after  the  modern  style,  with 
materials  which  had  now  become  accessible  through  the 
modern  extension  of  commerce.  An  English  archi- 
tect was  of  great  assistance  in  this  latter  work  and  in 
planning  for  future  buildings. 

The  standard  roofing  is  trough-shaped  tile  made  of 
baked  clay,  but  it  has  its  drawbacks,  and  there  was  a 
great  stir  of  enthusiasm  when  Dr.  Tracy  bought  a 
machine  for  making  flat  roof  tiling  of  sand  and  cement, 
after  the  style  known  as  "  Marseilles."  There  had 
been  a  similar  stir  earlier  when  an  eight-horse-power 
steam  engine  arrived  to  lighten  the  work  in  the  Self- 
Help  Shops.  The  work  of  designing  the  buildings, 
drawing  plans,  assembling  the  materials  which 
might  be  drawn  by  donkeys  or  ox-carts,  -  selecting  the 
best  available  workmen  to  construct  a  better  building 
than  they  had  ever  seen  before,  enthusing  the  best 
among  them,  weeding  out  the  incompetents,  supervising 
their  labor  from  sunrise  till  an  hour  before  sunset, 
excavating  for  foundations,  dressing  stone,  erecting 
the  structures,  finishing  off  every  part  to  the  last  pane 
of  glass  and  touch  of  paint,  with  all  the  other  tasks 
involved  in  the  construction  of  not  less  than  seven 
large  institutional  buildings  and  some  ten  houses,  with 
repairs,  watercourses  and  fountains,  cisterns,  a  deep 
well,  a  drainage  system,  must  be  left  to  the  imagination 
without  description  in  detail.  One  of  the  most  interest- 
ing achievements  of  the  builder  was  the  location  by  a 
workman  under  his  direction  of  a  stone  quarry  about 
a  mile  away  in  the  foothills,  which  was  leased  from  the 
government,  and  from  which  quantities  of  stone  were 
drawn  to  the  premises  for  the  newest  buildings,  said  to 


42     CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

be  of  essentially  the  same  composition  as  the  stone  used 
in  the  Cologne  Cathedral. 

STATION  AND  FACULTY  MEETINGS 
Station  Meeting  is  a  great  institution  in  Marsovan. 
It  has  been  usually  held  on  Thursday  evening,  and  often 
begins  with  a  supper  which  represents  the  maximum 
of  cheer  and  fun.  The  children  then  go  home,  while 
their  elders  devote  an  hour  to  earnest  searching  of  the 
scriptures,  prayer  and  conference.  Business  follows. 
Any  item  of  common  interest  or  concern  may  be  placed 
on  the  docket  by  any  person.  Each  item  is  taken  up, 
discussed  and  voted  on  in  its  turn.  Usually  a  vote  is 
unanimous.  If  a  strong  division  of  sentiment  develops, 
action  is  habitually  postponed,  and  some  delay  and 
cool  consideration  usually  produce  unanimity.  Some- 
times measures  are  ultimately  carried  by  a  majority 
vote  in  which  the  minority  acquiesce.  The  expression, 
"  One  shall  chase  a  thousand  and  two  shall  put  ten 
thousand  to  flight,"  well  sets  forth  the  conviction  of  the 
group  that  combination  more  than  doubles  effective- 
ness. 

The  College  Faculty  is  peculiar  in  that  several  dif- 
ferent nationalities  are  represented  in  its  membership, 
but  all  have  contributed  to  meeting  the  very  vital 
responsibilities  which  have  been  placed  upon  that  body 
in  a  spirit  of  loyalty,  forbearance  and  cooperation. 
A  session  is  usually  held  every  week.  The  considera- 
tion of  a  great  variety  of  subjects  is  necessary,  espe- 
cially when  the  students  represent  several  different 
nationalities,  each  with  its  own  language;  may  have 
studied    in    Turkish,    American,    French,    Armenian, 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  43 

Greek  or  Russian  schools;  may  have  attended  a  fairly 
good  city  gymnasium  or  the  most  primitive  possible 
village  school;  and  may  be  connected  with  Moslem, 
Catholic,  Oriental  Orthodox,  Gregorian  or  Protestant 
religious  communities.  Not  long  after  the  proclama- 
tion of  the  constitution  in  1908,  the  wine  of  new  liberty 
went  to  the  heads  of  some  of  the  students,  and  a  very 
serious  College  rebellion  was  the  result.  Class  after 
class,  beginning  with  the  seniors,  boldly  announced 
their  refusal  to  obey  College  requirements.  The 
crux  of  the  situation  was  met  in  a  session  of  the  Faculty 
where  every  man  was  on  his  knees,  and  I  think  every 
voice  was  heard  in  prayer.  The  result  was  that  the 
College  retained  every  student,  retained  the  good-will 
of  all,  and  maintained  authority. 

GOOD  TIMES  IN  MARSOVAN 

Life  in  Marsovan  has  been  really  remarkable  for 
the  good  times  which  have  had  their  origin  in  the 
American  homes.  Parents  and  children  have  been  good 
comrades.  With  no  suitable  places  for  public  recreation 
and  amusement  the  homes  have  met  the  need.  Every 
birthday  brings  its  delightful  surprises;  American 
patriotism  holds  full  sway  on  the  Fourth  of  July; 
rambles  among  the  vineyards  or  the  foothills,  picnics 
in  the  glen,  trips  far  out  on  the  road  to  meet  arriving 
travelers,  are  frequent  events;  while  Alpine  violets 
blooming  in  sheltered  nooks  amid  the  snow  of  winter, 
and  crocuses  and  primroses  "  by  the  river's  brim  "  in 
early  spring,  summon  the  young  people  to  long  excur- 
sions. Thanksgiving  Day  brings  its  American  dinner, 
the  weighing  of  all  who  eat,  a  hike,  a  real  Thanksgiving 


44  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

meeting,  and  games  in  the  evening.  Christmas  is 
observed  by  triple  calculations,  the  American,  the 
Greek  and  the  Armenian,  and  is  first  ushered  in  with 
the  exceedingly  beautiful  custom  of  carols  sung  by 
students  just  before  dawn.  The  children  remember 
Uncle  Tracy  as  a  leader  in  all  sports  and  games.  When 
Rev.  Henry  F.  Smith  was  the  one  American  boy  in 
Marsovan,  and  the  Fourth  of  July  came,  he  went 
through  the  full  regular  program  in  observance  of  the 
day.  And  he  didn't  get  much  encouragement,  as  he 
remembers,  except  from  Uncle  Tracy,  who  joined  him 
in  the  parade,  the  speeches,  the  fireworks,  and  capped 
the  climax  by  a  characteristic  poem  which  he  wrote 
for  the  occasion  and  for  one  American  boy.  Rev. 
Charles  T.  Riggs  says,  "  The  picture  that  remains  in 
my  mind  of  Dr.  Tracy  in  the  early  80's  is  of  a  perpetual 
smile.  He  may  have  been  mercurial  in  temperament; 
but  he  usually  wore  his  temperament  sunny  side  up. 
Nothing  seemed  to  discourage  him.  He  was  sometimes 
forgetful,  but  he  never  seemed  to  forget  to  radiate 
happiness." 

Where  the  badge  of  womanhood  for  uncounted 
generations  has  been  the  veil,  but  where  the  wearers 
are  getting  very  restive  about  it,  care  is  necessary  to 
assist  young  people  in  schools  in  making  the  transition 
from  the  old  social  order  to  the  new.  Separately  or 
together  the  Anatolia  schools  enjoy  many  simple 
social  gatherings.  There  are  musical  and  literary 
entertainments  as  well  as  lectures  and  sermons  to 
bring  the  young  people  together.  The  various  clubs 
and  organizations  hold  occasional  receptions.  Classes 
meet  at  supper  in  family  homes.     Guests  are  welcomed 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  45 

by  groups  of  friends  at  afternoon  teas.     It  is  all  a  part 
of  a  simple,  natural  Christian  life. 

FEATURES  OF  COLLEGE  LIFE 

In  process  of  time  several  clubs  found  a  need  and  a 
place  in  Anatolia  after  the  standard  customs  of  America. 
First  came  the  Christian  Association,  then  the  Alumni 
Association,  with  its  annual  banquet  and  address  at 
Commencement.  An  Archaeological  Club  followed  in  a 
country  where  the  historical  strata  begin  with  the 
Hittite  sculpture  and  cuneiform  script  and  represent 
all  the  intervening  ages  to  the  present.  Next  was 
organized  the  Anatolia  Teachers'  Association,  for  the 
improvement  of  educational  methods  in  the  compound 
and  the  city.  No  student  could  get  far  in  his  descrip- 
tion of  College  activities  without  reference  to  his 
national  club,  Armenian,  Greek,  Russian  or  Turkish. 
It  is  difficult  for  Americans  who  breathe  the  atmosphere 
of  democracy  from  childhood  to  realize  what  a  training 
in  democratic  methods  is  given  young  men  in  the 
Orient  by  the  practice  of  such  clubs.  The  main  aims 
of  the  organizations  were  threefold,  literary,  musical 
and  athletic.  Their  weekly  meetings  were  enthu- 
siastic and  useful  from  a  literary  and  musical  stand- 
point. Games  on  the  athletic  track  or  in  the  large 
field  were  often  staged  under  their  direction.  Frequent 
field  days  in  the  fall  and  the  spring  brought  out  ex- 
hibitions of  very  creditable  events  with  a  wholesome 
and  friendly  spirit  of  rivalry  among  the  contestants. 

Any  account  of  Anatolia  College  would  be  incom- 
plete which  omitted  to  mention  its  music.  Several 
Americans  in  the  circle  have  possessed  real  musical 


46     CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

taste,  and  in  Miss  Piatt  and  Miss  Morley  the  Girls' 
School  has  had  really  talented  and  trained  musicians. 
Professor  Daghlian  was  a  musical  genius  developing 
slowly.  He  first  really  found  himself  and  his  mission 
when  a  student  and  a  quiet  young  tutor.  He  organized 
a  little  orchestra,  then  as  he  heard  a  phonograph  playing 
the  music  of  Sousa's  Band  in  New  York  he  sat  down 
with  his  music  scores,  disengaged  the  different  instru- 
ments one  by  one,  wrote  out  the  music  and  set  his 
orchestra  at  repeating  what  Sousa's  Band  had  played. 
Subsequent  training  in  Germany  fitted  him  admirably 
to  be  an  all-round  instructor  and  pioneer  leader.  His 
own  original  compositions  won  high  approval  in  Berlin 
and  he  has  been  compared  by  competent  musical 
authority  to  Grieg  as  a  composer.  He  developed 
music  in  the  College  from  next  to  nothing.  The 
orchestra  was  a  credit  to  the  institution  and  its  leader. 
The  Anatolia  Choral  Union  brought  a  large  number  of 
voices  from  both  schools  into  the  religious  services  and 
frequent  excellent  concerts.  The  public  outside  and 
numbers  of  responsive  young  people  within  the  schools 
enjoyed  the  music  and  were  trained  in  taste  and 
capacity. 

AFFILIATED    INSTITUTIONS:     MARSOVAN 
THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

The  Seminary  preceded  the  College  by  more  than 
twenty  years  in  conditions  of  change  so  rapid  though 
generally  unobserved  that  a  decade  counted  for  an 
ordinary  generation.  After  that  the  two  forms  of 
effort  went  forward  in  the  same  campus  though  the 
bond   of  connection   was   personal,   not   institutional. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  47 

The  Seminary  belongs  to  the  Western  Turkey  Mission. 
There  are  advantages  in  cooperation  between  a  college 
and  a  seminary,  as  there  are  some  disadvantages. 
A  considerable  number  of  excellent  young  men  gradu- 
ated from  the  College  have  taken  the  theological  course 
in  Marsovan.  The  Seminary  has  labored  during  recent 
years  under  the  handicap  of  unsettled  public  condi- 
tions—  few  Evangelical  Churches  of  outstanding  char- 
acter to  appeal  to  young  men,  and  a  strong  tendency 
toward  other  forms  of  life  work  than  the  ministry, 
but  the  College  President  always  kept  to  the  front 
the  theological  education  and  the  claim  of  the  pulpit 
and  the  pastorate.  He  was  unremitting  in  bearing 
his  own  part  in  the  instruction  of  the  Seminary  and  in 
shepherding  the  churches.  Rev.  T.  A.  Elmer,  Rev. 
Ernest  Pye  and  Rev.  J.  P.  Xenides  have  rendered  strong 
service  to  the  School  of  Theology,  and  the  last  named 
raised  among  friends  in  Scotland  the  funds  wherewith 
to  build  "  Thistle  Cottage,"  the  rent  of  which  is  used 
for  the  Seminary  library.  The  institution  met  a  great 
loss  in  the  death  of  Dr.  Edward  Riggs  in  1913.  With 
his  accurate  scholarship,  chivalrous  spirit  and  unremit- 
ting industry  he  put  the  training  of  men  for  the  ministry 
first  among  his  many  forms  of  service.  In  the  spring 
of  1915  much  interest  was  felt  in  the  construction  of  a 
new  and  separate  building  for  the  Seminary.  It  was 
begun  partly  as  a  relief  measure  in  time  of  war  and  the 
cornerstone  was  laid  on  the  eve  of  June  21st.  The 
building  was  named  "  White  Hall "  in  memory  of 
Rev.  George  H.  White,  a  missionary  at  Marash  at  an 
early  day,  whose  friends  had  led  in  contributing  to  the 
building  fund. 


48  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

AFFILIATED   INSTITUTIONS:    ANATOLIA 
GIRLS'  SCHOOL 

Our  biographical  sketch  does  not  admit  of  the  full 
description  deserved  by  the  Girls'  School,  the  King 
School  and  the  Hospital,  but  the  Marsovan  way  means 
close  cooperation  between  the  different  departments  of 
effort.  Turkey  is  not  ready  for  coeducation,  but  the 
Anatolia  schools  for  the  youths  and  the  maidens  have 
done  their  work  side  by  side.  In  1864  only  a  few  girls 
could  be  gathered  together  to  study  the  primer  and  the 
gospels  amid  the  most  primitive  of  conditions.  Prog- 
ress was  made  with  steady  steps  from  year  to  year. 
For  fifty  years  our  .School  has  taken  the  lead  in  the 
education  of  the  girls  and  women  of  its  great  field. 
Most  of  its  graduates  have  taught  at  least  for  a  time, 
and  most  in  their  own  homes  have  been  exceedingly 
useful  members  of  their  churches  and  communities, 
representatives  of  progressive,  respected  and  self- 
respecting  womanhood  in  the  East.  The  course  of  study 
has  been  advanced  until  the  standards  of  a  good  high 
school  or  seminary  have  been  reached,  with  depart- 
ments in  sewing,  cooking  and  other  household  arts. 
Many  of  the  graduates  have  occupied  positions  of 
great  importance  in  this  or  other  schools,  and  the  service 
rendered  by  Miss  Fritcher,  Mrs.  Wingate,  Miss  Gage, 
Miss  Willard,  Miss  Ward,  and  their  associates  down 
the  years  has  represented  the  high-water  mark  of 
wisdom,  strength  and  tact. 

Friends  of  Miss  Martha  King  have  established  in 
honor  of  her  name  the  only  school  in  the  country  for 
the  education  of  those  children  who  are  so  unfortunate 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  49 

as  to  be  born  deaf  and  therefore  dumb.  Visitors,  and 
especially  representative  Turks,  have  been  filled  with 
wonder  and  admiration  at  seeing  such  children  really- 
understanding  conversation,  speaking,  reading,  writing, 
and  transformed  from  the  sad  condition  of  little  human 
animals  into  the  glorious  condition  of  real  human 
beings. 

The  Girls'  School  and  the  College  have  cooperated 
with  beneficial  results  to  both.  To  some  extent  teach- 
ers have  been  interchanged.  People  from  the  Girls' 
School  and  the  College  meet  for  various  public  exercises, 
and  share  by  groups  or  classes  in  frequent  receptions, 
garden  parties,  and  entertainments  in  the  homes  of 
teachers.  The  Station  serves  as  the  local  body  of 
Trustees,  and  Dr.  Tracy,  as  preeminently  the  builder, 
has  practically  supervised  the  erection  of  all  the  build- 
ing equipment  of  the  Girls'  School,  with  frequent  re- 
pairs, enlargement,  and  work  on  water  systems  and 
the  like,  as  need  arose  from  time  to  time.  He  once 
calculated  how  many  paces  he  had  taken  in  construct- 
ing South  Hall,  but  the  number  was  too  great  to  remain 
in  memory.  When  the  institution  celebrated  its 
Jubilee  in  1914,  under  a  huge  tent,  because  no  building 
could  be  found  large  enough  to  contain  the  eager 
audience,  any  representative  of  the  sustaining  Woman's 
Boards  or  friend  of  the  women  of  Turkey  would  have 
rejoiced  to  be  present.  The  Jubilee  Hymn,  "  Ebene- 
zer,"  was  written  by  special  request  by  Dr.  Tracy  for 
that  occasion,  and  is  included  elsewhere  in  this 
volume. 


50  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

AFFILIATED  INSTITUTIONS:  ANATOLIA 
HOSPITAL 

Our  Lord  healed  body  and  soul  together,  and  Living- 
stone used  to  say  that  "  God  had  only  one  Son,  and  He 
gave  him  to  be  a  medical  missionary."  From  the  days 
of  Mrs.  Leonard,  the  Americans  in  Marsovan,  particu- 
larly the  ladies,  gave  some  of  their  best  efforts  to  the 
care  of  the  sick  and  the  prevention  of  disease.  For 
years  Dr.  Altounian  not  only  taught  the  scientific 
lessons  at  the  College,  but  received  a  stipend  for  the 
regular  treatment  of  the  sick  poor  sent  to  him  by  Mrs. 
Tracy  and  others.  In  1894  the  country  was  visited 
by  the  scourge  of  cholera  (as  again  in  1911),  and  many 
people  in  the  city  and  region  died.  Mrs.  Tracy  led 
all  the  members  of  the  Station  in  preparing  and  dis- 
tributing the  Hamlin  remedies  and  using  other  meas- 
ures by  which  numbers  of  lives  were  saved,  probably 
not  less  than  500.  The  dread  disease  did  not  invade 
the  American  compound.  Following  the  massacre  in 
1895  such  misery  prevailed  that  the  British  philanthro- 
pist, Mr.  George  Cadbury,  sent  his  wife's  sister,  a 
trained  nurse  named  Miss  Taylor,  to  Marsovan,  and  a 
native  house  was  rented  in  which  patients  were  lodged 
and  cared  for.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Smith  it  was 
decided  to  invite  a  medical  missionary  as  his  successor, 
and  in  1897  Dr.  and  Mrs,  Carrington  reached  Marso- 
van. The  unsanitary  city  house  was  superseded  by 
clean  though  plain  quarters  in  a  rebuilt  lumber  shed  on 
the  premises,  and  the  Hospital  began  its  great  and 
expanding  career.  Additions  were  made  from  time  to 
time  to  the  grounds,  building  and  equipment,  and  then 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  51 

resources  were  slowly  accumulated  for  the  new  grounds 
and  buildings  across  the  street,  occupied  in  1914. 

A  wonderful  work  of  healing  has  thus  been  carried  on. 
Many  persons  have  testified  that  they  never  knew 
there  was  a  place  without  lying,  profanity,  jealousy, 
quarreling  or  fighting,  or  where  food,  medicine  and  care 
were  given  faithfully  as  prescribed,  until  sickness 
drove  them  to  the  Hospital.  There  they  saw  Christian- 
ity in  practice.  During  recent  years  Dr.  Marden  has 
been  in  the  habit  of  performing  about  one  thousand 
major  operations  annually,  besides  doing  all  the  other 
work  of  conducting  such  an  establishment  and  practic- 
ing outside  with  or  without  a  medical  assistant.  For  a 
time  Dr.  Hoover  bore  a  leading  part,  then  removed  to 
take  charge  of  the  hospital  at  Talas.  Anatolia  Hospital 
has  usually  enjoyed  the  service  of  one  or  two  American 
or  English  nurses,  but  for  the  most  part  dependence 
has  been  placed  on  a  staff  of  native  helpers  trained  on 
the  ground.  A  Training  School  for  Nurses  was  early 
established,  and  Miss  Lousaper  Torikian,  who  was  its 
first  graduate,  is  believed  to  be  the  first  woman  who 
ever  received  a  nurse's  diploma  in  Turkey. 

The  Hospital  in  a  sense  grew  out  of  the  College 
and  Mrs.  Tracy's  work  for  the  sick  poor.  Dr.  Tracy 
was  one  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  institution, 
and  took  much  interest  in  raising  31,000  for  a  memorial 
ward  for  Mrs.  Tracy.  Owing  to  the  interest  of  Mr. 
Boake  of  England,  Miss  Christine  Wilkes,  a  Mildmay 
Deaconess,  visited  Marsovan  and  informed  herself  of 
its  character  and  service,  and  has  labored  for  it  in 
England  with  unfailing  devotion.  Professor  and  Mrs. 
Thoumayan  also  raised  a  sum  among  British  donors 


52  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

which  was  to  be  given  to  the  Hospital.  From  1904  until 
the  time  of  her  death,  one  of  the  warmest  friends  of  the 
institution  was  Mrs.  Towie,  and  in  recognition  of  her 
gifts  and  of  her  bequest  the  new  building,  the  best  in 
the  American  compound  at  Marsovan,  in  the  city,  or 
anywhere  in  that  region,  was  named  the  "  Towle 
Memorial." 

This  building  was  occupied  by  a  regiment  of  Turkish 
soldiers  before  it  was  ready  for  patients,  in  August, 
1914.  Four  weeks  later  when  the  Turkish  army 
marched  to  the  front,  the  building  was  evacuated, 
and  over  500  soldiers  were  treated  there  by  Dr.  Marden 
under  Red  Cross  auspices  before  all  the  American 
grounds  and  premises  were  commandeered  by  the 
Turks,  May  10,  1916. 

PERSONAL  TRAITS 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  often  compared  with 
Abraham  Lincoln.  Each  grew  up  in  the  American  West 
and  among  frontiersmen,  near  to  unspoiled  nature, 
with  an  eager  mind  unsated  by  pioneer  facilities  for 
education.  Dr.  Andrus  speaks  for  many  in  saying  of 
his  loved  classmate,  "  He  always  struck  me  as  being  of 
the  Lincoln  type  of  man,  both  in  form  and  feature,  as 
well  as  in  stalwart  moral  earnestness  and  large  spiritual 
outlook."  He  resembled  Lincoln  also  in  homely  wit 
and  frequent  aphorisms.  He  used  to  say: 
"  It  is  easier  to  do  a  big  thing  than  a  little  one." 
"  Bumble  bees  are  biggest  when  they  are  first  born,"  — 

this  of  youthful  self-conceit. 
"  Keep  a  stiff  elbow  and  a  limber  wrist,"  —  meaning. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  53 

persistent  on  the  main  issue,  pliant  on  minor 

points. 
"  I  can  get  more  benefit  from  visiting  with  little  William 

than  I  can  from  Professor 's  sermon  when 

he  preaches  in  Turkish." 
"  Christian   and   Faithful   must   help   each  other,"  — 

this  to  the  writer  when  there  were  difficulties 

with  accounts  and  he  wanted  to  help. 
"  Religion  binds  us  to  the  heart  of  God." 
"  Progressive   imperfection  has  something   captivating 

in  it." 
"  Anatolia  College,  born  of  the  gospel,  the  handmaid  of 

the  gospel,  glorying  in  the  gospel." 
Dr.  Tracy  was  often  at  his  best  late  at  night,  eagerly 
discussing  some  problem  with  one  of  his  associates, 
or  writing  a  hymn,  or  brooding  some  great  project  alone 
in  his  study.  He  was  frequently  not  only  the  last  to 
bed  at  night,  but  the  first  to  be  on  hand  in  the  morning 
to  supervise  workmen  at  some  building  task.  He 
rested  in  the  intervals  when  there  was  nothing  else  to 
do,  or  when  he  happened  to  remember  that  he  was  tired. 
He  liked  to  write,  and  often  chose  this  mode  of  stating 
his  views  to  his  associates  or  the  students.  He  pub- 
lished many  articles,  sermons,  brochures,  and  easily 
drifted  into  the  poetic  form  of  expression.  His  hymns 
in  Armenian  were  many  and  were  a  power. 

All  Dr.  Tracy's  friends  pay  tribute  to  his  spiritual 
earnestness.  He  was  an  evangelist  by  disposition, 
conviction  and  habit.  His  preaching  covered  a  wide 
range  of  thought,  but  often  brought  his  hearers  face  to 
face  with  the  most  intimate  problems  of  duty  toward 
God,  personal  destiny,  and  salvation  through  Christ, 


54  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

especially  in  the  memorable  Sunday  evening  services. 
In  conference  he  often  said  that  the  College  must  stand 
for  active,  Christian  life  and  effort  or  he  would  lose  all 
interest  in  the  institution.  The  family  altar,  where 
his  household  servants  and  occasional  visitors  joined  in 
daily  worship,  was  a  shrine  of  devotion,  consecration 
and  intercession  before  the  throne  of  God.  In  teaching 
or  lecturing  he  preferred  subjects  such  as  the  Evidences 
of  Christianity  which  he  treated  from  the  standpoint  of 
religion  in  its  fruits  and  practical  application.  His 
instruction  in  International  Law  dealt  largely  with  the 
rights  and  the  wrongs  of  international  dealings. 

Our  subject  was  preeminently  a  practical  man. 
Rules  to  him  meant  means  for  facilitating  business,  not 
hindering  it.  If  a  rule  hampered  liberty  of  action  he 
cut  the  red  tape.  Yet  the  crowning  proof  of  attain- 
ment in  the  College  was  once  stated  by  a  Turk  who  was 
somewhat  familiar  with  the  institution  and  who  was 
describing  its  operation  to  a  knot  of  friends,  in  that 
"  When  the  bell  rings  the  students  go  in."  When 
Bergson  began  to  be  much  talked  about  Dr.  Tracy 
plunged  into  "  Creative  Evolution,"  and  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Station  to  the  Mission,  which  he  wrote 
that  year,  was  felicitously  colored  by  what  he  had 
been  reading.  The  abstract,  the  theoretic,  the  remote, 
awoke  echoing  chords  only  as  related  to  the  immediate 
situation,  problem,  perplexity. 

This  College  administrator  was  almost  childlike  in 
his  enthusiasms.  His  attitude  often  suggested  the 
figurehead  of  a  ship  with  shining  eyes,  ever  looking  on. 
He  could  think  up  more  plans  before  breakfast  than 
his  associates  could  carry  out  all  day.    With  him,  a 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  55 

decision  to  enter  upon  a  course  of  action  was  almost 
the  same  as  finishing  it;  he  left  others  to  carry  out  the 
details,  and  left  them  free  to  do  so  in  their  own  way. 
When  the  fine  Swiss  clock  was  bought  at  a  cost  of 
nearly  one  hundred  pounds  by  the  Alumni  Association, 
he  was  greatly  delighted.  He  erected  a  tower  to  con- 
tain the  clock,  and  then  had  dummy  faces  painted  on 
cardboard  and  photographed.  He  could  not  wait  till 
the  clock  itself  was  actually  in  position  before  publish- 
ing the  newest  achievement  to  all  and  sundry.  The 
clock  was  a  public  utility  too.  The  Protestant  and 
Gregorian  schools  soon  regulated  their  hours  by  it. 
And  the  whole  city  by  degrees  adjusted  its  habits  to 
western  standards  instead  of  reckoning  twelve  o'clock 
as  sunset  and  so  being  obliged  to  change  the  hands  of 
the  clock  almost  every  day  of  the  year. 

Some  disappointments  were  inevitable.  The  Mis- 
sion once  felt  unable  to  pay  for  printing  Paley's  "  Evi- 
dences of  Christianity  "  which  the  theological  teacher 
had  translated  into  Armenian  with  painstaking  assidu- 
ity. One  Thanksgiving  Day  he  issued  a  challenge  to 
all  who  were  strong  of  foot  and  courageous  of  heart  to  a 
walk  in  the  mud  and  to  a  venturesome  enterprise  for  the 
future.  The  purpose  was  to  inspect  a  site  in  an  un- 
purchased field  where  a  magnificent  outdoor  Greek 
stadium  might  be  constructed.  It  was  easy  to  visualize 
a  handsome  project,  but  it  did  not  advance  beyond  the 
visionary — then!  The  ambitious  administrator  was 
often  temporarily  balked,  often  temporarily  dis- 
couraged, but  he  never  stayed  so.  Hampered  by  pov- 
erty of  resources,  he  was  fertile  in  devices  for  adapting 
means  to  ends.     His  enthusiasm  was  contagious  and 


56     CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

his  method  of  dealing  with  the  debts  that  would  hamper 
the  completion  of  rosy  plans  was  to  outline  a  larger 
plan,  inaugurate  a  forward  movement,  dnd  in  the  leap 
to  the  larger  achievement,  the  step  just  preceding  was 
accomplished  incidentally, 

THE  FRIEND 

"  A  man  to  have  friends  must  show  himself  friendly," 
and  the  witness  to  Dr.  Tracy's  power  in  inspiring  friend- 
ship is  unanimous  and  masterful.  Those  acquaintances 
whom  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy  held  to  their  souls  with 
hooks  of  steel  are  so  many  that  it  would  seem  almost 
invidious  to  undertake  to  name  them,  but  besides 
those  of  their  homeland  or  the  land  of  their  adoption, 
we  at  least  may  mention  such  representative  men  as 
Mr.  Leopold  Favre,  of  Switzerland,  Lord  Kinnaird, 
Mr.  Cadbury,  and  Professor  Rendell  Harris,  of  England. 
More  and  more  as  the  years  went  by  Dr.  Tracy  empha- 
sized the  note  of  love  in  his  preaching  and  public  ad- 
dresses. A  suggestion  was  once  made  to  him  that 
Union  Hall,  of  which  he  had  laid  only  the  foundation 
before  his  departure,  should  be  named  for  him.  He 
rejected  the  idea  positively,  but  with  some  hesitation 
remarked  that  if  the  large  room  in  the  first  story  which 
he  had  especially  designed  for  social  gatherings  should 
be  allowed  to  bear  his  name  he  would  appreciate  it. 
He  then  went  on  to  express  his  sense  of  the  high  value 
of  the  simple  gatherings  for  social  entertainment,  with 
games,  music,  conversation  and  refreshments  where 
American  and  Armenian,  Greek  and  Georgian,  Swiss 
and  Slav,  Turk  and  Cosmopolitan,  teachers  and  stu- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  57 

dents,  men  and  women,  meet  in  friendly  intimacy  under 
the  shadow  of  Anatolia  College. 

AS  OTHERS  SAW  HIM 

Among  many  spontaneous  tributes  to  Dr.  Tracy, 
only  a  few  expressions  can  be  quoted  here: 

One  of  his  youngest  associates,  Mr.  Pye,  writes: 
"  We  remember  Dr.  Tracy  in  the  main  for  two  things: 
his  interest  in  many  people;  his  enthusiasm  for  the 
enterprise  which  has  claimed  the  main  powers  of  his 
life." 

Mrs.  J.  K.  Marden:  "More  than  any  one  I  ever 
knew,  Dr.  Tracy  had  the  charity  that  suffereth  long 
and  is  kind.  He  was  able  by  quiet  kindness  or  in  some 
powerful  appeal  in  the  pulpit  or  prayer  meeting  to  lift 
friend  and  critic  alike  out  of  harping  narrowness  into 
enthusiasm  for  some  new  truth." 

Rev.  H.  A.  Miner:  "  It  meant  much  to  me  to  get  a 
letter  from  him.  He  always  stirred  my  soul,  so  fresh 
and  strong  his  words." 

Dr.  J.  P.  McNaughton:  "  I  knew  many  of  his  stu- 
dents, and  without  exception  all  regarded  Dr.  Tracy  as  a 
born  leader  of  men,  —  a  leader  whose  virtues  they  would 
gladly  emulate." 

Mr.  Melcon  Mestjian,  Anatolia  College,  1907:  "  The 
most  precious  thing  I  have  from  my  College  life  is  the 
inspiration  I  received  from  the  dynamic,  constructive 
and  helpful  life  of  Dr.  Tracy." 

Mr.  A.  H.  Tashjian,  Anatolia  College,  1902:  "It 
was  this  undying  Christian  faith  of  Dr.  Tracy  that 
made  us  Armenians  love  him  more  than  any  other  of 
the    many    devoted    Americans    amongst    us.     Faith, 


58  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

hope  and  love  was  what  our  fast  despairing  souls 
craved  for,  and  he  was  brimful  of  all  three  to  the  very 
end." 

Rev.  Y.  K.  Rushdouny,  Anatolia  College,  1905: 
"  Dr.  Tracy  was  known  from  Constantinople  and 
Smyrna  to  Van  and  Ararat.  I  know  personally  that 
many  wanted  to  send  their  children  to  Anatolia  College 
because  of  Dr.  Tracy.  I  know  ministers  of  the  gospel 
wanted  to  go  to  Marsovan  and  see  personally  Dr. 
Tracy  about  whom  they  had  heard  so  many  good  things 
from  those  who  knew  him." 

Rev.  J.  P.  Xenides,  Anatolia  College,  1891  —  mem- 
ber of  the  Seminary  and  College  Faculties:  "  He  loved 
Armenians  primarily  but  his  love  for  the  Greeks  was 
not  less,  and  the  feeling  was  reciprocal.  At  first  the 
Greeks  did  not  avail  themselves  of  the  College  privi- 
leges in  Marsovan.  The  work  seemed  so  discouraging 
that  it  was  proposed  to  abandon  the  effort.  Dr. 
Tracy,  however,  could  foresee  its  ultimate  success, 
and  he  lived  to  see  the  majority  of  425  students  in 
1913-14,  Greeks.  And  they  and  their  people  all 
esteemed  and  loved  him." 

Dr.  Americus  Fuller,  after  a  conference  between  the 
two  college  presidents  from  Turkey  in  January,  1916: 
"  For  the  work  of  the  American  Board  he  steadily 
refused  to  entertain  the  idea  that  this  terrible  debacle 
was  in  any  sense  a  defeat;  it  was  rather  a  challenge  to 
rise  and  build  anew  on  broader  foundations  and  with 
larger  resources.  For  the  remnant  of  the  Armenian 
people  it  was  not  annihilation,  but  the  fiery  furnace 
from  which  they  were  to  come  forth  purified  and  fitted 
for  a  far  nobler  work  than  they  had  ever  done.     And 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  59 

for  their  cruel  persecutors  he  had  evident  hope  that  not 
a  few  of  them  have  seen  in  the  faithful  confessions  of 
their  victims  a  gospel  which  they  could  not  have  so 
fully  understood  in  any  other  way." 

Judge  Epaphroditus  Peck:  "  In  1901  the  First 
Congregational  Church  at  Bristol,  Connecticut,  under- 
took the  support  of  a  foreign  missionary.  The  Ameri- 
can Board  assigned  to  us  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  C.  Tracy, 
then  President  of  Anatolia  College  at  Marsovan. 
Fortunately  for  us.  Dr.  Tracy  soon  after  had  a  leave  of 
absence  in  America,  visited  us  in  Bristol  and  spent  a 
few  weeks  here  with  his  family.  He  afterward  kept 
up  a  somewhat  active  acquaintance  with  the  church 
through  correspondence,  and  at  his  retirement  from  the 
Presidency  of  the  College  he  again  spent  several  weeks 
in  Bristol.  In  this  way  the  Bristol  church  came  into 
an  active  acquaintance  with  him  and  came  under  the 
stimulus  of  his  eager  and  consecrated  spirit.  His 
untiring  industry  and  nervous  energy,  his  intense 
devotion  to  the  work  in  which  he  was  engaged  and  to 
the  Kingdom  of  God  in  general,  and  the  deep  fervor  of 
his  religious  nature  made  a  deep  impression  on  the 
church.  This  was  increased  by  the  strong  personality 
and  similarly  consecrated  character  of  Mrs.  Tracy; 
and  both  of  them  will  always  be  held  on  the  roll  of  the 
saints  with  whom  we  have  come  into  contact.  It  is 
largely  owing  to  their  influence  that  the  cause  of 
foreign  missions  has  come  to  be  among  the  chief 
interests  of  this  church." 


60  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

"  I  WANT  TO  PULL  WITH  DR.  TRACY  " 

In  the  year  1908  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Western 
Turkey  Mission  was  held  in  Marsovan.  It  happened 
that  the  Fourth  of  July  fell  within  the  period  of  the 
sessions,  and  some  hours  were  devoted  to  patriotic 
exercises  and  to  sports,  as  would  be  natural  with  any 
such  group  of  Americans.  It  was  proposed  to  have  a 
tug  of  war,  and  a  rope  was  produced.  I  had  no  especial 
interest  in  that  item  on  the  program  until  I  noticed 
that  Dr.  Tracy  had  stepped  forward  and  laid  hold  of  the 
rope.  Then  it  suddenly  came  over  me:  "/  want  to 
full  with  Dr.  Tracy"  and  I  took  my  place.  It  was  a 
hard  pull,  but  Dr.  Tracy's  side  won  by  a  narrow  margin. 
The  leader  did  not  give  orders  or  demand  assistance; 
he  simply  saw  what  was  the  thing  to  do,  did  his  part, 
and  others  fell  in  almost  as  a  matter  of  course.  The 
incident  was  characteristic.  Many  men,  aye  and 
women,  have  liked  to  pull  with  Dr.  Tracy. 

AUTHORITY,  TACT  AND  LUCK 

Before  the  New  Regime  of  1908,  city  governors  were 
sometimes  difficult  men  to  deal  with,  and  one  so  inter- 
preted the  duties  of  his  position  that  he  arrested  a  young 
Moslem  who  enrolled  as  a  College  student,  detained  him 
under  surveillance  over  night,  and  put  him  on  the  road 
toward  his  home  the  next  morning  without  allowing  him 
ever  to  set  foot  again  on  the  College  campus.  When 
commencement  came  the  governor  accepted  an  invita- 
tion to  attend  the  exercises,  and  was  on  the  platform 
with  a  retinue  of  the  city  officials.  According  to  usual 
custom  the  diplomas  would  be  placed  by  the  College 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  61 

President  in  the  hands  of  the  governor,  for  him  to 
bestow  upon  the  graduating  class.  Just  before  the 
time  for  that  ceremony  came,  however.  Dr.  Tracy 
turned  to  me  and  ejaculated,  "  I'm  not  going  to  put 
these  diplomas  in  the  hands  of  this  man."  So,  brush- 
ing aside  all  formality,  he  rose,  summoned  the  graduat- 
ing class,  and  presented  the  diplomas  himself.  The 
effect  was  a  marked  snub  administered  in  a  public 
manner. 

If  things  had  stopped  there  the  consequences  might 
have  been  unpleasant  for  somebody.  It  happened, 
however,  that  four  members  of  the  faculty  were  to 
receive  the  Master's  Degree,  and  some  of  them  inti- 
mated to  Dr.  Tracy  that  it  would  be  acceptable  and 
might  be  very  wise  if  the  governor  were  recognized  in 
the  presentation  of  their  diplomas.  So  Dr.  Tracy 
turned  with  much  politeness  to  the  governor,  informed 
him  that  the  ceremony  which  had  passed  was  quite 
subordinate  to  the  important  function  which  was  now  to 
take  place,  and  he  courteously  invited  him  to  favor  the 
institution  and  all  parties  concerned  by  receiving  the 
tokens  of  higher  scholastic  honors  and  presenting  them 
to  members  of  the  teaching  body. 

UNIVERSITY  EXTENSION 

A  pioneer  college  not  only  has  to  educate  its  stu- 
dents, but  it  is  an  institution  rendering  various  public 
services.  President  Tracy  constructed  the  Hannah 
Pearsons  Study  Hall  of  such  size  that  nearly  a  thousand 
people  were  often  accommodated  there.  The  Com- 
mencement and  other  public  exercises  of  the  College 
were   habitually   attended   by   throngs  from  the  city. 


62  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

Every  Friday  evening  during  the  winter  season  a  popu- 
lar lecture  was  given  by  some  member  of  the  College 
Faculty,  with  careful  preparation  and  with  very  useful 
results.  The  library  grew  to  10,000  volumes  and  40 
periodicals,  classified  by  Mr.  Pye  on  the  Dewey  system, 
and  was  open  several  hours  every  day  to  intelligent 
readers  from  the  city  as  well  as  to  its  own  body  of 
students  and  teachers.  The  museum,  under  the 
wonderfully  skilful  and  scientific  hand  of  Professor 
Manissadjian  attained  a  collection  of  more  than  7,000 
specimens,  thoroughly  classified  and  arranged  for 
display.  Toward  the  last  the  museum  was  open  twice 
a  week  to  the  public,  and  was  often  visited  by  a  hundred 
persons  from  outside  the  College  of  an  afternoon. 
The  educative  and  suggestive  value  of  that  orderly 
array  was  exceedingly  high. 

Touring  belongs  especially  to  ordained  missionaries, 
but  they  were  often  accompanied  in  their  trips  to  the 
towns  and  cities  round  about  by  College  teachers  or 
students  who  shared  effectively  in  preaching,  lecturing 
and  conferring  with  the  people  of  the  various  communi- 
ties. The  Marsovan  market  in  recent  years  has  en- 
joyed the  reputation  of  being  more  honest  and  more 
active  than  in  the  other  cities  which  might  be  compared 
with  it.  The  reason  is  frankly  attributed  in  the  public 
estimation  to  the  superior  intelligence  and  skill  which 
have  been  developed  under  the  influence  of  the  College 
or  by  its  former  students.  There  never  was  a  news- 
paper published  in  the  city  of  30,000  people  until  after 
the  New  Regime  in  1908.  Then  people  wanted  to 
think,  to  read,  and  to  write  for  print.  And  whose 
utterances  were  likely  to  be  better  worth  while  than 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  63 

those  of  College  men?  The  Greek  club  named  "  Pon- 
tus,"  and  the  Armenian  club  named  "  Shavarshan," 
each  almost  immediately  undertook  the  publication  of 
a  newspaper.  A  former  student,  who  had  entered 
business  and  had  done  something  with  photography 
and  toy  types,  said  he  believed  he  could  do  the  printing. 
He  brought  on  a  printer's  outfit  and  soon  was  turning 
out  creditable  work  in  correct  Armenian,  Greek,  Eng- 
lish and  Turkish.  Thus  the  first  two  newspapers  ever 
published  in  the  city  of  Marsovan  were  enterprises  of 
student  clubs  with  the  assistance  of  the  teachers  whom 
they  invited  as  colaborers.  The  first  political  club 
founded  in  Marsovan  about  the  same  time  was  directed 
by  a  committee  of  twelve  men,  of  whom  three  were 
teachers  of  the  College  and  a  fourth  was  a  young 
alumnus.  The  callers  of  any  day  might  include  for- 
mer students,  ministers  from  the  churches  of  the  field, 
civil  arid  military  officials,  members  of  Parliament, 
political  inspectors  and  organizers,  possibly  political 
exiles,  foreign  consuls,  priests  or  bishops  of  Oriental 
Christian  communities,  white-turbaned  Moslem  relig- 
ious authorities,  merchants  coming  to  the  city  to  do 
business,  friends  and  relatives  of  students  and  of  the 
sick.  Thus  the  College  exercised  a  general  leavening 
influence  throughout  a  wide  region,  and  did  much  after 
the  ordinary  intent  of  university  extension.  It  stood 
for  order,  discipline  and  education;  for  American 
democracy  and  Christian  civilization.  In  the  course  of 
time  two  members  of  the  Faculty  were  elected  members 
of  the  Parliament  in  Constantinople, 


64  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

ALUMNI 

The  President,  like  every  other  college  admin- 
istrator, was  proud  of  his  graduates.  Indeed,  there 
was  reason  for  it.  Their  training  meant  character  as 
well  as  scholarship,  industry  as  well  as  intelligence, 
public  reputation  as  well  as  personal  position.  The 
small  percentage  who  have  sought  the  opportunities  of 
free  America  are  prize  men  in  universities,  making  a 
good  beginning  in  the  professions,  earning  full  wages  in 
positions  of  trust,  making  a  success  in  business.  An 
Anatolia  alumnus  studying  in  Cambridge  University, 
England,  on  a  fellowship  which  he  won  as  a  graduate 
student  at  Harvard,  has  written:  "  I  do  not  know  of 
any  Anatolia  man  who  has  ever  been  out  of  the  College 
for  some  time  who  does  not  speak  with  feeling  and  strong 
appreciation  of  the  work  in  Anatolia.  The  Anatolia 
men  now  in  America  have  done  well  in  the  way  of  over- 
coming obstacles  or  in  the  way  of  seeking  an  education 
and  making  an  honorable  and  successful  living.  As  I 
look  back  to  College  days  I  think  that  in  point  of  stimu- 
lus to  think,  opportunities  for  general  culture  and  also 
for  special  study  and  chances  for  social  and  public 
activity  through  the  various  clubs,  and  for  physical 
development  through  the  attention  devoted  to  outdoor 
sports  and  through  the  beautiful  climate  and  country, 
Anatolia  is  unique  in  its  field  in  the  Near  East." 

The  larger  number  remain  in  the  land  of  their  origin 
and  are  useful  there.  About  one-fourth  of  the  graduates 
arc  approximately  evenly  divided  between  the  ministry 
and  medicine;  another  quarter  have  become  teachers, 
many  of  them  in  schools  of  advanced  grade;    while 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  65 

about  one-half  have  responded  to  the  many  business 
openings  that  appeal  to  young  men  in  the  waking  East. 
A  few  of  the  choicest  spirits  have  become  members 
of  the  Anatolia  College  Faculty,  after  their  own  post- 
graduate studies  in  Europe  or  America.  There  they 
have  become  masters  in  their  departments  of  instruc- 
tion, authors  of  books  and  many  articles  in  print, 
preachers  and  lecturers  of  reputation,  leaders  of  their 
conationals  in  the  College  and  citizens  of  public  spirit 
and  wide  usefulness  outside. 

TOWARD   THE    SUNSET 

The  last  years  in  Marsovan  were  full  of  blessing. 
Expanding  work  brought  in  more  workers  and  permitted 
better  organization  and  division  of  labor.  For  several 
years  following  1908,  the  New  Regime  made  itself  felt 
in  wider  opportunities,  new  hopes  and  increasing  ambi- 
tion throughout  the  country.  The  President  markedly 
grew  in  character  with  the  passing  years. 

Dr.  Tracy  was  much  honored  in  ministers'  meetings, 
church  conferences  and  similar  gatherings  where  many 
of  the  leaders  were  his  own  pupils.  On  a  visit  to  Sivas 
he  attended  a  meeting  held  in  the  interest  of  the  Normal 
College,  and  led  the  astonished  company  in  soliciting 
and  in  making  a  contribution  for  that  institution  which 
resulted  in  far  more  than  any  one  had  anticipated. 
He  took  great  interest  in  plans  for  the  development  of 
academies  or  high  schools  by  the  Protestant  congrega- 
tions in  Samsoun  and  Ordou,  schools  which  would 
prepare  students  for  the  College  and  for  which  the 
College  would  prepare  teachers.  And  on  a  visit  to 
Tokat  he  and  the  Armenian  Bishop  enthused  the  Arme- 


66  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

nian  people  of  that  city  in  a  project  for  establishing  a 
school  of  high  grade  there  for  which  large  contributions 
were  placed  in  his  care. 

He  was  profoundly  stirred  by  the  coming  of  the 
Russian  students,  first  two,  then  half  a  dozen,  a  dozen, 
a  score,  two-score.  It  was  natural  to  anticipate  that 
the  College  had  a  service  to  render  to  the  people  of 
Russia  who  were  breaking  with  their  past  and  had  not 
yet  laid  the  foundations  for  their  future,  just  such  as 
pioneer  American  colleges  rendered,  in  educating  men 
who  were  to  be  among  the  leaders  in  shaping  the  future 
of  the  farm,  the  home,  the  school,  the  church,  and  even 
the  government.  The  arrival  of  the  Russians  gave  an 
added  impulse  to  the  hesitant  Turks.  Their  young 
men  also  wanted  to  come  to  College,  and  by  degrees 
religious  prejudice,  race  separation  and  the  opposition 
of  authorities  gave  way.  When  the  Turks  attending 
College  were  more  than  a  score,  with  some  three-score 
in  the  Turkish  Club,  cultivating  the  language  and 
literature  of  the  government  of  the  country,  it  was  evi- 
dent that  the  College  had  climbed  the  first  hill  of  diffi- 
culty with  regard  to  the  education  of  Moslems.  The 
first  young  Turk  to  graduate  did  so  with  credit  in  1914, 
and  regarded  it  as  his  great  hope  to  study  law  and  demo- 
cratic institutions  in  America  and  use  the  results  for  the 
benefit  of  Turkey,  saying,"  I  want  to  serve  my  people." 

Mr.  John  Stewart  Kennedy,  at  his  death,  left  a 
bequest  of  $50,000  to  Anatolia,  largely  owing  to  the 
personal  friendship  between  his  family  and  that  of  Dr. 
Edward  Riggs.  Subsequent  correspondence  by  Dr. 
Tracy  led  to  an  additional  gift  by  Mrs.  Kennedy,  which 
provided   for   the   construction   of   Kennedy   Home. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  67 

One  letter  from  Dr.  Tracy  to  Rev.  James  L.  Barton, 
LL.D.,  Secretary  of  the  American  Board  and  of  the 
College,  was  placed  by  him  in  the  hands  of  a  friend  with 
the  result  that  325,000  were  given  for  the  construction 
of  Union  Hall.  To  balance  such  efforts,  "  Badvelli " 
Tracy  and  the  "  Madama  "  during  their  last  winter  in 
Marsovan,  visited  all  the  160  homes  of  the  Protestant 
congregation,  many  of  them  of  course  very  humble. 
But  the  missionaries  had  been  welcome  visitors  in 
such  homes  ever  since  their  arrival  in  the  city  forty-six 
years  before.  The  first  door  in  the  Tracy  hallway 
that  met  a  caller  opened  into  a  room  that  had  been 
specially  designed  as  the  place  for  the  President's 
gracious  wife  to  meet  "  her  poor."  The  home  itself 
was  brightened  by  the  presence  of  the  daughter 
Mary,  who  conducted  a  popular  kindergarten. 

EBENEZER 

In  September,  1913,  the  College  opened  at  high  water 
mark.  Thirty-two  names  were  listed  in  the  staff 
of  administration  and  instruction:  10  Americans,  1 
Swiss,  1  Russian,  9  Greeks,  and  11  Armenians.  During 
the  year,  425  students  were  enrolled  in  the  four  Col- 
lege and  four  Preparatory  classes,  of  whom  about 
200  were  Greeks,  160  Armenians,  40  Russians,  and  25 
Turks.  Before  June  these  students  paid  into  the 
College  treasury  approximately  325,000.  There  were 
275  additional  pupils  in  the  Girls'  School,  and  usually 
about  100  patients  at  any  one  time  in  the  Hospital. 
Missionary  families,  teachers,  and  their  households, 
employees  and  other  individuals  intimately  associated, 
brought  the  whole  colony  up  to  a  round  thousand  souls, 


68  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

living  and  working  together  in  the  fear  of  God  and  the 
love  of  God,  and  with  good-will  toward  men.  Before 
September  had  passed,  the  retiring  President  delivered 
a  memorable  sermon,  his  last  in  the  College,  on  the 
word  Ebeneur,  "  Hitherto  hath  Jehovah  helped  us." 
He  recounted  the  leading  experiences  and  vicissitudes, — 
and  these  last  were  many,  —  of  the  institution  up  to 
that  time.  Later  we  brought  a  great  stone  from  the 
quarry  in  the  foothills  a  mile  away  which  had  been 
located  under  Dr.  Tracy's  supervision,  and  this  stone 
was  lying  on  the  campus  May  10th,  1916,  when  the 
premises  were  forcibly  occupied  by  the  Turkish  officials, 
waiting  for  the  time  when  it  should  be  erected  and  bear 
the  word  Ebenezer. 

The  property  of  the  College  was  not  wholly  differen- 
tiated from  that  of  the  Mission  Station.  But  the  main 
parts  purchased  with  funds  intended  for  College  use 
and  recognized  as  belonging  to  the  College  plant  in 
grounds,  buildings,  improvement  and  equipment, 
represent  a  cost  of  production  of  3150,000.  The  cost 
of  reproduction  for  most  of  the  items  would  be  nearly 
or  fully  double.  About  ?120,000  of  endowment  funds 
were  held  in  Boston  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  College, 
who  is  the  Treasurer  of  the  American  Board.  The 
Main  College  Building,  North  College  and  the  Alumni 
Library-Museum  were  complete  and  completely  oc- 
cupied. Kennedy  Home  was  planned  and  has  since 
been  built,  as  has  the  house  of  the  superintendent,  and 
this  ground  has  been  connected  with  the  main  campus 
by  a  tunnel  under  the  street.  The  foundation  of 
Union  Hall  was  laid  and  this,  when  complete,  will  be 
the  best  of  the  College  buildings  up  to  date.     Sites 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  69 

were  ready  for  White  Hall  for  the  Seminary,  the  chapel 
and  the  gymnasium.  The  building  erected  as  an 
orphanage  was  rented  by  the  College  and  the  proceeds 
used  for  the  support  of  orphan  students.  The  Wickes 
Industrial  Shops  were  an  extensive  plant  for  wood  and 
iron  work  and  included  a  roller  process  flour  mill. 
Not  less  than  112  students  were  listed  in  the  Self- 
Help  Department  and  met  part  of  their  bills  to  the 
College  by  some  form  of  manual  labor.  Besides  five 
American  missionary  residences,  five  houses  had  been 
constructed  which  were  owned  by  the  College  and  were 
for  the  occupation  of  teachers,  and  three  other  teachers 
occupied  their  own  homes,  in  the  erection  of  which 
they  had  been  assisted  with  loan  funds.  There  were 
the  Turkish  bath  building,  the  extensive  athletic  field, 
the  inviting  and  restful  flower  garden,  trees  with  their 
greenery,  the  library  with  10,000  books,  the  museum 
with  7,000  specimens,  a  telescope  for  astronomical 
purposes  with  a  63  inch  lens,  a  really  extensive  equip- 
ment in  apparatus,  furniture  and  the  supplies  necessary 
to  the  consecutive  life  and  work  of  such  an  institution. 
Hope  for  the  acquisition  of  a  Demonstration  Farm  and 
instruction  in  Agriculture,  and  for  a  course  in  Business 
Education,  was  taking  shape.  Chief  among  the  assets 
of  the  College  were  the  loyal  colaborers  in  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  the  sustaining  constituency  in  America, 
members  of  the  mission  circle,  the  faculty  and  a  staff  of 
employees  on  the  ground,  the  alumni  and  former  stu- 
dents, and  a  constituency  covering  the  northern  half 
of  Asia  Minor  and  reaching  around  the  western  curve 
of  the  Black  Sea  past  Constantinople  into  the  Balkan 
states  and  around  the  eastern  curve  through  the  Cau- 


70  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

casus  provinces  of  Russia  as  far  as  the  Crimea.  Then 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy  returned  to  America  to  rest.  It 
was  forty-six  years  since  they  first  sailed  for  Turkey. 
Dr.  Tracy  tendered  his  resignation  from  the  College 
Presidency  to  take  effect  at  the  Commencement  of 
1914,  and  he  was  elected  President  Emeritus. 

Dr.  Barton  writes: 

"  Rev.  Charles  C.  Tracy,  the  young  man,  began 
educational  work  in  the  corner  of  a  stable  in  the  city  of 
Marsovan;  Dr.  Tracy  left  Marsovan  with  Anatolia 
College  housed  in  large,  substantial  buildings,  a  Theolo- 
gical Seminary,  a  Girls'  School  leading  into  the  College 
course,  and  the  best  and  most  commodious  mission 
hospital  in  Turkey.  He  never  shrank  from  undertaking 
the  impossible,  and  he  seldom  failed  in  achievement. 
Upon  the  platform  of  the  American  Board  some  years 
ago  he  revealed  his  creed  of  action  and  expressed  it  in 
the  form  of  a  prayer,  *  O  Lord,  help  me  to  help  others 
to  help  themselves.'  " 

SUNSET  LODGE 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy  and  Mary  were  drawn  to  Los 
Angeles,  California,  because  Chester  was  located  there 
as  a  Professor  of  Botany  in  the  high  school.  As  the 
outbreak  of  the  war  made  the  return  of  the  family  to 
Turkey  doubtful,  "  Sunset  Lodge  "  was  bought  with 
borrowed  money  as  a  home  in  the  Hollywood  suburb. 
The  returned  missionaries  found  abundant  occupa- 
tion. Dr.  Tracy  made  a  strong  impression  at  the  meet- 
ing of  the  National  Council  of  the  American  Board  at 
Kansas  City  in  October,  1914,  and  at  the  Student 
Volunteer  Convention  in  the  same  city.     He  was  much 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  71 

in  demand  for  speaking,  and  he  had  various  plans  for 
writing  and  for  advancing  the  interests  of  the  work  in 
Marsovan.  Many  new  friends  were  added  to  those  of 
earlier  years,  and  especially  the  Armenians  of  the 
Pacific  Coast  were  very  friendly  and  appreciative. 
They  tendered  him  a  banquet  at  Christopherson's, 
at  which  some  eighty  persons  were  present,  and  with 
congratulatory  speeches  presented  the  benefactor  of 
their  nation  with  a  purse  of  3110  in  gold.  It  was  a 
great  joy  to  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy  that  the  graduates  of 
the  College  were  an  honor  to  Anatolia  in  America  and 
especially  that  a  number  of  them  had  become  teachers 
in  American  universities.  "  Too  much  cannot  be  said 
of  his  love  for  the  Armenians." 

FILLING  UP  THE  SUFFERINGS  OF  CHRIST 

Early  in  the  year  1915,  Turkish  officials,  aided  and 
abetted  by  the  Germans,  determined  to  eliminate  the 
Armenian  question  from  the  area  they  controlled,  by 
the  elimination  of  the  Armenians.  The  resulting 
atrocities  will  not  be  recounted  here  in  detail,  but  it 
may  be  stated  that  Marsovan  had  a  population  of  at 
least  12,000  Armenians,  and  when  the  "  deportations  " 
were  completed  in  the  early  fall,  the  officials  plowed 
the  Armenian  cemetery  and  sowed  it  to  grain  as  their 
way  of  giving  public  notice  that  they  did  not  intend  to 
allow  any  more  people  of  that  race  to  live  or  die  or  be 
buried  in  the  city.  Eight  members  of  the  College 
Faculty,  because  they  were  Armenians  and  because 
they  were  Christians,  were  slain.  The  student  body, 
the  Girls'  School  and  the  Hospital  similarly  suffered; 
and  from  the  Protestant  community  in  the  city,  con- 


n  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

sisting  of  950  souls,  900  were  swept  away.  The 
College  continued  in  session  until  May,  1916,  with 
Greek,  Russian  and  Turkish  students  in  attendance. 
No  Armenian  teacher  was  spared  to  the  institution  and 
but  one  student  was  left  to  represent  that  race.  On  the 
10th  of  May,  1916,  all  the  grounds  and  buildings  were 
occupied  by  the  Turkish  officials  for  the  purposes  of  a 
military  hospital,  and  the  Americans  on  the  ground, 
ten  adults  and  four  children,  under  the  compulsion  of 
armed  and  mounted  police,  were  put  on  the  road  for 
Constantinople.  At  the  capital  of  the  country  pro- 
tracted negotiations  resulted  in  permission  for  a  few 
persons  to  return,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Getchell,  Miss 
Willard,  Miss  Gage  and  Miss  Zbinden  volunteered 
to  do  so.  They  were  allowed  to  occupy  some  narrow 
quarters  in  the  American  premises,  and  there  under- 
took, so  far  as  possible,  to  hold  the  situation,  protect 
individuals  and  mission  interests,  and  maintain  the 
Christian  witness. 

The  effect  of  these  events  on  a  sensitive  and  friendly 
heart  can  be  imagined.  The  victims  were  not  so  many 
mere  numerals  or  human  units,  but  every  one  was  a 
warm-blooded  person  among  whom  were  preachers, 
teachers,  former  students,  fellow  laborers  and  friends 
of  forty-six  years'  acquaintance.  As  soon  as  work  for 
Armenian  and  Syrian  Relief  was  organized  in  this 
country,  Dr.  Tracy  threw  himself  heart  and  soul 
into  this  in  Los  Angeles  and  California.  He  ignored 
questions  of  international  politics,  left  the  problems  of 
the  outcome  to  future  solution,  and  gave  himself  to 
the  utmost  to  the  work  of  organizing  committees, 
making  public  addresses,  writing  for  the  press,  dis- 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  73 

seminating  information,  arousing  public  sentiment 
and  securing  contributions  for  the  cause  of  relief.  The 
intensity  of  the  effort  proved  too  much  for  the  frail 
body  long  to  endure.  In  this  service  Dr.  Tracy's  life 
work  culminated. 

"  Except  a  corn  of  wheat  fall  into  the  ground  and 
die  it  abideth  alone,  but  if  it  die  it  bringeth  forth  much 
fruit."  It  is  this  principle  that  inspires  confidence  for 
the  present  and  hope  for  the  future. 

THROUGH  THE  GATES  INTO  THE  CITY 

Mrs.  Tracy  relates,  in  substance,  how  her  dear 
husband  had  an  ulcer  in  the  stomach  and  went  into 
the  hospital  in  September,  1916,  underwent  a  course 
of  treatment,  and  was  cured.  After  that  he  was  obliged 
to  be  careful  of  his  diet,  but  he  went  regularly  to  his 
office  and  his  high  pressure  work  for  Relief.  In  April, 
1917,  there  was  a  recurrence  of  the  malady,  and  the 
doctor  prescribed  a  month's  rest.  But  he  did  not  rest. 
He  had  the  office  moved  to  his  home  and  dictated 
correspondence  to  his  stenographer  every  day.  On 
April  7th  he  wrote  his  last  Marsovan  Round  Robin 
letter  with  a  gleam  of  the  old  fire,  planning  Relief  tasks, 
making  light  of  his  own  suffering,  and  finding  in  a 
militant  pacifist  "  something  so  ludicrous  that  I  had  a 
good  laugh  over  it  as  I  lay  here  on  the  sofa,  though  too 
weak  to  laugh  hard."  On  the  12th  he  was  to  make  an 
address  at  the  Bible  Institute  for  the  suffering  Arme- 
nians. Though  he  was  so  feeble  as  to  be  hardly  able  to 
stand,  those  who  heard  him,  say  that  this  effort  sur- 
passed all  his  other  notable  addresses  in  the  earnestness 
and  passion  displayed.     But  this  was  his  last  public 


74  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

service  and  the  end  was  at  hand.  On  the  next  day, 
Saturday,  he  was  taken  much  worse.  He  lingered  in 
the  Good  Samaritan  Hospital  until  Thursday.  His 
wife,  his  son  Chester,  and  his  daughter  Mary  were  at 
his  bedside,  as  was  Mr.  Edwin  P.  Benjamin,  their 
intimate  and  helpful  friend.  The  other  son.  Rev. 
Charles  K.  Tracy,  was  busy  with  his  pastorate  in  Rich- 
mond, Vermont,  and  his  work  for  Relief  throughout  that 
state.  All  that  medical  science  could  suggest  was  ac- 
complished. On  Wednesday  Mr.  Benjamin  brought 
word  that  relatives  and  friends  had  sent  money  to 
raise  the  mortgage  on  "  Sunset  Lodge,"  the  home  of 
his  wife  and  daughter.  The  sick  man  said,  "  It  is  the 
Lord's  doing  and  marvelous  in  our  eyes."  Once  he 
offered  prayer,  that  if  it  was  God's  will  he  might  live 
and  work  for  the  suffering  Armenians. 

"  He  wanted  to  live;  he  was  looking  forward  to  our 
golden  wedding  in  August;  he  wanted  to  finish  the 
story  of  his  life,  which  he  began  just  a  few  weeks  before 
he  died;  he  wanted  to  work  for  the  Hollywood  Church 
when  his  work  for  the  Armenians  was  done;  he  wanted 
to  return  and  spend  his  last  days  in  Marsovan  in  the 
land  which  was  his  adopted  home.  On  Thursday 
evening,  April  19th,  the  head  nurse  said  his  heart  was 
failing.  He  pressed  my  hand  again  and  again  to  tell 
me  he  was  conscious.  A  little  before  twelve  o'clock  he 
smiled  for  several  minutes  and  so  passed  away.  When 
I  saw  that  happy  going  home,  it  took  all  my  tears  away. 
I  wish  I  knew  what  or  whom  he  saw." 

The  funeral  took  place  on  Sunday  afternoon,  April 
22,  1917,  in  the  Methodist  Church  of  Hollywood. 
Several    pastors    shared,    including    two    Armenians. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  75 

Among  the  most  beautiful  floral  tributes  were  those 
from  Armenian  and  Syrian  societies.  Armenians  were 
the  pall-bearers,  and  two  hundred  of  that  suffering  race, 
which  Dr.  Tracy  loved  as  God  so  loved  the  world,  were 
in  the  audience.  Payment  for  the  lot  and  monument 
in  Hollywood  cemetery  was  pledged  out  of  the  Tracy 
Love  Fund,  contributed  by  Armenians. 

SEMPERVIRENS 

A  few  years  ago  Dr.  Tracy  took  great  interest  in  a 
course  of  public  lectures  that  he  delivered  on  Christian 
life  and  the  development  of  Christianity  under  the 
title,  "  Sempervirens ."     He  wrote: 

"  I  was  strolling  one  day  in  the  deep  forest  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Around  me  stood  the  giant  trees  of  the 
species  called  the  Sequoia  sempervirens.  Gazing  upon 
those  stupendous  living  columns,  20  feet  in  diameter, 
absolutely  erect,  with  their  evergreen  branches  300 
feet  in  the  air,  —  trees  attaining  sometimes  to  an 
age  of  200  years  or  more,  and  then  from  their  deathless 
roots  reproducing  themselves  in  shoots  that  possess  all 
the  vigor  of  the  parent  stem,  grow  as  great,  tower  as 
high  and  live  as  long,  they  in  turn  reproducing  them- 
selves in  the  same  way,  I  saw  the  striking  significance 
of  the  name  given  to  this  tree.  Well  is  it  named 
sempervirens  for  it  flourishes  in  perpetuity;  it  has  in 
its  roots  the  power  of  an  endless  life." 

Dr.  Tracy's  personality  is  an  example  of  **  the  power 
of  an  endless  life."  A  student  writes:  "His  death 
brought  me  face  to  face  with  immortality,  and  I  said  to 
myself  that  death  has  nothing  to  do  with  such  a  life." 
And  as  far  as  we  can  look  into  the  future  of  this  world, 


76  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

Dr.  Tracy's  life  will  live  in  Anatolia  College  and  the 
affiliated  institutions  in  Marsovan.  His  memory 
will  be  recalled  with  especial  veneration  at  the  annual 
Founders'  Day  celebration  which  will  be  held  on  his 
birthday,  October  31st,  which  is  also  the  birthday 
of  Mrs.  John  F.  Smith.  Again,  his  life  will  abide  as  a 
vital  force  in  the  hearts  of  over  2,000  students  who  have 
for  longer  or  shorter  periods  attended  the  College; 
over  300  from  among  them  who  have  graduated; 
nearly  200  others  whom  he  shared  in  preparing  to 
preach;  in  the  hundreds  of  pupils  in  the  Girls'  School 
and  of  patients  in  the  Hospital  who  have  felt  the 
influence  of  his  personality;  in  the  thousands  scattered 
widely  in  America,  in  Europe,  in  Turkey,  who  have  been 
quickened  by  his  touch;  in  his  colaborers  of  the  Station, 
the  Faculty,  the  Mission  Field,  who  have  been  inspired 
to  emulate  his  loyal  response  to  the  Master  of  us  all, 
who  directed  his  disciples  to  go:  go  and  preach  the 
gospel,  go  and  heal  the  sick,  go  and  teach  all  nations, 
"  and  lo,  I  am  with  you  alway,  even  unto  the  end  of 
the  world." 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  77 


MORNING  COMETH 

Anatolia  College  Hymn 

Words  by  Pres.  C.  C.  Tracy  Music  by  Prof.  A.  T.  Daghlian 

Morning  cometh,  morning  cometh, 
Night  shade  and  terrors  pale. 
Morning  cometh,  morning  cometh. 
All  hail!  sweet  light,  all  hail! 
Swift  comes  the  dawn  with  rosy  ray, 
The  gloomy  shadows  flee  away. 
The  gloomy  shadows  flee  away. 
Let  sadness  with  the  night  depart. 
Let  joy  and  peace  fill  every  heart; 
Come  one,  come  all,  a  cheerful  throng! 
Greet  Alma  Mater  with  a  song! 

Refrain: 

Anatolia!  Anatolia! 
Long  be  thy  gladsome  day. 
Anatolia  forever! 
Anatolia  for  aye! 

Morning  cometh,  morning  cometh. 
Arise!  and  greet  the  day. 
Morning  cometh,  morning  cometh, 
Come  join  the  joyful  lay! 
Swift  comes  the  dawn  with  rosy  ray, 
The  gloomy  shadows  flee  away. 
The  gloomy  shiidows  flee  away. 
It  is  the  day  so  long  and  bright, 
It  is  the  dawn  of  love  and  light. 
Now  joyful  hope  each  bosom  thrills 
And  morning  dances  o'er  the  hills. 

Refrain: 

Morning  cometh,  mominf  cometh. 
The  heavenly  heralds  say. 
Morning  cometh,  morning  cometh, 
Up!    Meet  the  King  of  day! 
O  light  divine,  rejoice  our  eyes! 
O  Sun  of  Righteousness,  arise! 
O  Sun  of  Righteousness,  arise! 


78  CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY 

Send  with  swift  wing  thy  healing  beam 
O'er  hill  and  valley,  plain  and  stream, 
Till  'neath  thy  reign,  from  shore  to  shore, 
Woe,  night  and  sin  shall  be  no  more. 


THE  MOUNTAINS  OF  PONTUS 

Ye  Mountains  of  Pontus  that  rise  in  my  view, 

Enswathcd  in  the  sunrise  and  bathed  in  the  blue. 

Sublime  in  repose  ye  encircle  the  plain, 

O'er  the  folds  of  your  slopes  roam  the  flock  and  the  swain, 

O!  Mountains  of  Pontus,  familiar  and  dear. 

Ye  have  captured  my  heart,  and  imprisoned  it  here. 

Ye  are  fair,  oh,  so  fair,  growing  rosy  at  dawn, 

Or  reddening  at  eve  when  night's  curtain  is  drawn. 

Oh,  grandly  ye  tower  when  the  tempest  is  high 

And  the  storm-clouds  are  torn  on  your  crags  as  they  fly. 

O,  Mountains  of  Pontus,  your  forms  I  revere. 

Ye  have  captured  my  heart  and  imprisoned  it  here. 

Through  your  vales  wind  the  Halys  and  Iris  to  meet 

The  surf  of  the  Euxine  that  rolls  to  your  feet, 

Still  assembled  ye  wait,  though  o'er  each  hoary  head 

The  shadows  and  lights  of  the  ages  have  sped. 

Ye  Mountains  of  Pontus,  oh,  say  by  what  art. 

By  what  magic  of  wiles  ye  have  captured  my  heart. 

Ah,  Mountains  of  Pontus,  your  secret  I  know  — 
Not  the  rocks  nor  the  rills  nor  the  heights  clad  in  snow. 
There,  there  is  the  charm,  nestled  close  at  your  feet  — 
The  grace  that  enthralls,  the  enchantment  so  sweet; 
Though  other  scenes  call  me,  I'm  loth  to  depart, 
For  dear  Anatolia  has  stolen  my  heart. 

Marsovan,  Feb.  2, 1912.  Charles  C.  Tract. 


EBENEZER 

Sovereign  of  all  the  spheres, 
Thou  (k)d  of  all  the  years. 

Thy  name  we  praise; 
In  Thee  our  hopes  abide; 
Thy  light  has  been  our  guide, 
Thy  love  has  glorified 

Our  earthly  days. 


CHARLES  CHAPIN  TRACY  79 

Thy  mercy  ne'er  forgot, 
Thy  promise  failed  us  not 

In  peril's  hour; 
Thee,  'mid  the  maddened  throng 
Intent  on  cruel  wrong 
We've  found  a  refuge  strong, 

A  mighty  tower. 

Oft,  on  life's  weary  way, 
We  found,  in  heat  of  day 

Thy  rock's  cool  shade; 
There,  rest  for  weary  feet. 
There,  draughts  from  fountain  sweet, 
There,  safe  and  sure  retreat 

Thy  presence  made. 

In  time  of  grief  profound 
When  darkness  gathered  round 

Gethsemane, 
Though  bowed  in  anguished  prayer 
We  knew,  in  our  despair. 
The  Son  of  God  was  there 

Our  strength  to  be. 

With  wonder  we  survey 
The  long  and  devious  way 

Our  feet  have  trod; 
'Mid  all  the  hopes  and  fears 
Of  all  the  changing  years 
There  evermore  appears 

A  present  God. 

All  other  things  above, 
Our  Father,  may  Thy  love 

Our  thoughts  employ. 
And  may  our  life  in  Thee 
Here  and  hereafter  be 
One  service  glad  and  free. 
One  world  of  joy. 

Charles  C.  Tracy. 
Written  for  the  Anatolian  Jubilee,  June,  1914. 


The  Prudential  Committee  of  the  American  Board,  by  act  of  the 
Legislature  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  are  the  Trustees  of  the 
College.  They  control  all  funds.  This  ensures  confidence,  continuity 
and  reliability  to  the  administration.  Friends  and  supporters 
should  note  the  official  organization.  Bequests  should  be  made  in 
this  form:  * 

I  give  and  bequeath  to  the  Trustees  of  Anatolia  College,  situated 
in  Marsovan,  Turkey,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State   of 

Massachusetts,  March  14,  1894,  the  sum  of 

for  the  purposes  of  the  College. 


Administration  headquarters,  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, U.  S.  A. 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

305  De  Neve  Drive  -  Parking  Lot  17  •  Box  951388 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA  90095-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library  from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


OCT  0  5  2001 

JAN  1  7  LuoD 


m^ 


30m-7,'70(N8475s8)— C-120  j 


^IX^ 


3  1158  00508  8033 


J  t 

IIIII,fr.S:^.!lE?.'?Mt™ARyFAC^ 


A    mM2^2^\ 


